{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2340874597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2384-5147.176320","title":"Facial biometrics using Akinlolu-Raji image-processing algorithm and anthropological facts which prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai","display_name":"Facial biometrics using Akinlolu-Raji image-processing algorithm and anthropological facts which prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2340874597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2384-5147.176320","mag":"2340874597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/2384-5147.176320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2384-5147.176320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2384-5147.176320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764418333","display_name":"Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"2384-5147","issn":["2384-5147","2384-6046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112469137","display_name":"AdelajaAbdulazeez Akinlolu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134542131","display_name":"University of Ilorin","ror":"https://ror.org/032kdwk38","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"AdelajaAbdulazeez Akinlolu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112469137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8612818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"45","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.42160001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.42160001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.399399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.024299999698996544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-biometrics","display_name":"face biometrics","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cephalometric-measurements","display_name":"cephalometric measurements","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-indices","display_name":"facial indices","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-dimorphism","display_name":"sexual dimorphism","score":0.7630000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153924320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56475","display_name":"Hausa","level":2,"score":0.8617669343948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780446394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41055","display_name":"Forehead","level":2,"score":0.5604617595672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5015912055969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36789393424987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.351243257522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3207521140575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29375892877578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.15769198536872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/2384-5147.176320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2384-5147.176320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2384-5147.176320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764418333","display_name":"Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"2384-5147","issn":["2384-5147","2384-6046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W953173409","https://openalex.org/W1527817152","https://openalex.org/W1528956207","https://openalex.org/W1532142470","https://openalex.org/W1555070335","https://openalex.org/W1559636636","https://openalex.org/W1569270442","https://openalex.org/W1582238871","https://openalex.org/W1640614960","https://openalex.org/W1973385507","https://openalex.org/W1975894132","https://openalex.org/W2002335491","https://openalex.org/W2011774161","https://openalex.org/W2026243637","https://openalex.org/W2079050500","https://openalex.org/W2098712185","https://openalex.org/W2103468176","https://openalex.org/W2108767039","https://openalex.org/W2113129492","https://openalex.org/W2115524133","https://openalex.org/W2115930762","https://openalex.org/W2125468126","https://openalex.org/W2133131023","https://openalex.org/W2167563088","https://openalex.org/W2189414199","https://openalex.org/W2315829781","https://openalex.org/W2317320087","https://openalex.org/W2464388386","https://openalex.org/W2471277041","https://openalex.org/W2608607733","https://openalex.org/W2894983575","https://openalex.org/W3198558896","https://openalex.org/W4233037448","https://openalex.org/W4256068510","https://openalex.org/W6635095894","https://openalex.org/W7074632576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2345172472","https://openalex.org/W7221215648","https://openalex.org/W2289204080","https://openalex.org/W2605846727","https://openalex.org/W2938803297","https://openalex.org/W4417083694","https://openalex.org/W4285368185","https://openalex.org/W4404711275","https://openalex.org/W2560146059","https://openalex.org/W4205422935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Anthropology":[1],"studies":[2],"human":[3],"biology":[4],"and":[5,35,44,54,70,77,82,130,168,226,255],"culture.":[6],"This":[7],"study":[8,66],"aims":[9],"to":[10,20,36,171,196,229,242],"develop":[11],"a":[12],"novel":[13,95,235],"image-processing":[14,97,139,237],"algorithm":[15,98,140,238],"which":[16],"can":[17,239],"be":[18,240],"used":[19,241],"compute":[21,243],"cephalometric":[22,83],"measurements":[23,181],"for":[24,64,245],"face":[25,111,120,128,132,203,211,217,246],"recognition":[26],"of":[27,29,41,49,105,137,148,157,161,166,179,216,224],"individuals":[28],"any":[30],"ethnic":[31],"group":[32],"or":[33],"tribe":[34],"produce":[37],"forensic":[38],"facial":[39,88,180,220],"database":[40],"Hausas.":[42],"Materials":[43],"Methods:":[45],"Three":[46],"hundred":[47],"Hausas":[48,74,162,165,223],"Kebbi":[50,167,225],"State":[51],"(150":[52],"males":[53,194,199,254],"150":[55],"females,":[56],"aged":[57],"18-36":[58],"years)":[59],"were":[60,90,141],"selected":[61],"as":[62,73],"subjects":[63],"the":[65,158,172,201,209,230],"with":[67,188],"informed":[68],"consents":[69],"when":[71],"established":[72],"by":[75],"parents":[76],"grandparents.":[78],"Height,":[79],"body":[80],"weight,":[81],"parameters":[84],"(evaluated":[85],"on":[86,92,214],"three-dimensional":[87],"photographs)":[89],"measured":[91],"subjects.":[93],"The":[94,234],"Akinlolu-Raji":[96,138,236],"was":[99],"developed":[100],"using":[101,143],"modified":[102],"row":[103],"method":[104],"computer":[106],"programming.":[107],"Facial":[108],"width,":[109],"total":[110],"height,":[112,115,118,121,126,129],"short":[113],"forehead":[114,117],"long":[116],"upper":[119],"nasal":[122],"bridge":[123],"length,":[124],"nose":[125],"morphological":[127],"lower":[131],"height":[133],"computed":[134],"from":[135,219],"readings":[136],"analyzed":[142],"z-test":[144],"(P":[145,185],"?":[146],"0.05)":[147,187],"2010":[149],"Microsoft":[150],"Excel":[151],"statistical":[152,177],"software.":[153],"Results:":[154],"Biological":[155],"examination":[156],"anthropological":[159],"history":[160],"proved":[163],"that":[164],"Zamfara":[169,227],"belong":[170,228],"Hausa":[173,193,198,206,231,253],"Bakwai":[174,232],"States.":[175,233],"Comparative":[176],"analyzes":[178],"showed":[182],"sexual":[183,249],"dimorphism":[184,250],">":[186],"nonsignificant":[189],"higher":[190],"averages":[191],"in":[192],"compared":[195],"females.":[197,256],"have":[200,208],"leptoprosopic":[202],"type":[204,212],"while":[205],"females":[207],"hyperleptoprosopic":[210],"based":[213],"classifications":[215],"types":[218],"indices.":[221],"Conclusions:":[222],"biometrics":[244],"recognition.":[247],"Furthermore,":[248],"exists":[251],"between":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}