{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2340575566","doi":null,"title":"Audit Fees, Earnings Management, and Litigation Risk: Evidence from Japanese Firms Cross-Listed on U.S. Markets","display_name":"Audit Fees, Earnings Management, and Litigation Risk: Evidence from Japanese Firms Cross-Listed on U.S. Markets","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2340575566","mag":"2340575566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2340575566","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3965157851/audit-fees-earnings-management-and-litigation-risk","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764672172","display_name":"Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies journal","issn_l":"1096-3685","issn":["1096-3685"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315810","host_organization_name":"Allied Academies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315810","https://openalex.org/P4310320466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allied Academies","OMICS Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063046715","display_name":"Junjian Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-058X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-058X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-5346"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjian Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047774525","display_name":"Hu Dan Semba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-6415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-6415"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Dan Semba","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-6415","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86143741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"125","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13957","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Financial Management","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit-fees","display_name":"audit fees","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earnings-management","display_name":"earnings management","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/litigation-risk","display_name":"litigation risk","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-listed-firms","display_name":"cross-listed firms","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-firms","display_name":"Japanese companies","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretionary-accruals","display_name":"discretionary accruals","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-matching","display_name":"sample matching","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-bias","display_name":"selection bias","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinants-of-audit-fees","display_name":"audit fee determinants","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154307955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6648555","display_name":"Litigation risk analysis","level":3,"score":0.7790799736976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4577558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384475","display_name":"Accrual","level":3,"score":0.736479640007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.729653000831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.6708066463470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15995636","display_name":"Earnings management","level":3,"score":0.5895645022392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.576111376285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.569827139377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191602146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6269489","display_name":"Joint audit","level":4,"score":0.4622015953063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27504089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2602080","display_name":"Audit risk","level":3,"score":0.45057398080825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137725906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758913","display_name":"Audit committee","level":3,"score":0.43742403388023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.4356522560119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3370528817176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170856484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6452684","display_name":"Internal audit","level":3,"score":0.25330936908721924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2340575566","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3965157851/audit-fees-earnings-management-and-litigation-risk","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764672172","display_name":"Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies journal","issn_l":"1096-3685","issn":["1096-3685"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315810","host_organization_name":"Allied Academies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315810","https://openalex.org/P4310320466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allied Academies","OMICS Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4233111121","https://openalex.org/W2060844531","https://openalex.org/W2011090784","https://openalex.org/W4386503472","https://openalex.org/W2410767044","https://openalex.org/W2605547540","https://openalex.org/W3122016514","https://openalex.org/W4206561341","https://openalex.org/W2378196842","https://openalex.org/W6926450444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(ProQuest:":[0],"...":[1],"denotes":[2],"formulae":[3],"omitted.)INTRODUCTIONAccounting":[4],"research":[5,35,283,335,346,409,428],"on":[6,161,410,429,448,558],"litigation":[7,24,40,131,176,181,266,446,465,491,508,516,535,556,572,585],"risk":[8,21,41,127,182,210,270,466,554],"and":[9,90,144,219,248,267,289,304,319,355,416,435,464,489,493,503,537,555,579],"audit":[10,18,43,58,124,168,188,193,217,229,246,274,281,334,414,433,449,459,487,501,550,568,581],"fees":[11,19,59,97,125,150,169,194,230,247,282,415,434,488,502,569,582],"beganin":[12],"1980.":[13],"Simunic":[14,137,311],"(1980)":[15],"found":[16,91,203,227,240,368,562],"that":[17,92,123,146,153,167,204,228,241,337,359,369,513,563,580],"reflect":[20,126],"differences":[22,128,529,566],"across":[23,129],"regimes.":[25,132,159],"From":[26],"1984":[27],"to":[28,36,42,51,207,234,272,349,386,398,478,526,542],"1999,":[29],"researchers":[30,352],"had":[31],"done":[32],"several":[33,480],"empirical":[34,408],"find":[37,276],"evidence":[38],"linking":[39],"fees.":[44,450],"However,":[45],"their":[46,99,102,399],"findings":[47],"are":[48,106,154,170,231,565],"inconclusive":[49],"due":[50],"lack":[52],"of":[53,57,187,192,262,287,341,381,392,405,445,458,470,497],"a":[54,328,468],"large":[55,354],"sample":[56,301,315,326,469],"data":[60,89,140,421],"(Francis,":[61],"1984;":[62],"Chung":[63],"&":[64,69,74,78,83,136,200,224,296,310,365],"Lindsay,":[65],"1988;":[66],"Chan,":[67],"Ezzamel":[68],"Gwilliam,":[70],"1993;":[71],"Johnson,":[72],"Walker":[73],"Westergaard,":[75],"1995;":[76],"Craswell":[77],"Francis,":[79],"1999).":[80],"Seetharaman,":[81,294],"Gul":[82,295],"Lynn":[84,297],"(2002)":[85,298],"used":[86],"cross-listed":[87,107,116,155,288,473],"firms":[88,115,152,358,472],"U.K.":[93,103,114],"auditors":[94,147,205,384,395],"charge":[95,148],"higher":[96,149],"for":[98,113,151,254,528],"sendees":[100],"when":[101,284,351],"based":[104],"clients":[105],"in":[108,117,156,175,215,279,344,474,506,514,530,567],"U.S.":[109,476],"markets,":[110],"but":[111,438],"not":[112,323,441],"non-U.S.":[118],"markets.":[119],"The":[120],"finding":[121],"suggests":[122,336],"different":[130,361,389,511,571],"Choi,":[133,307],"Kim,":[134,308],"Liu":[135,309],"(2009)":[138,312],"examined":[139],"from":[141,390,512],"14":[142],"countries":[143],"asserted":[145],"stronger":[157],"legal":[158],"Based":[160],"previous":[162],"literature,":[163],"we":[164,454,521,561],"can":[165],"obsene":[166],"influenced":[171],"by":[172,302,316],"the":[173,242,300,314,325,338,372,378,403,411,430,443,456,475,484,495,498,523,547,576],"difference":[174,490],"environment.":[177],"In":[178,451],"other":[179],"words,":[180],"is":[183,195,252,347,422,483,510],"an":[184],"important":[185],"determinant":[186,191],"fees..Another":[189],"fundamental":[190],"earnings":[196,208,268,417,436,461,504,552],"management":[197,209,269,418,462,505,553],"risk.":[198,586],"Bedard":[199],"Johnstone":[201],"(2004)":[202],"respond":[206],"with":[211,396,584],"ex":[212],"ante":[213],"increase":[214,583],"planned":[216],"hours":[218],"billing":[220],"rates.":[221],"Abbott,":[222],"Parker":[223],"Peters":[225],"(2006)":[226],"inversely":[232],"related":[233],"income-decreasing":[235],"discretionary":[236,250,401],"accruals.":[237],"They":[238,321],"also":[239],"positive":[243,249],"relationship":[244],"between":[245,413,432,486,500,533],"accruals":[251],"magnified":[253],"high":[255],"P/E":[256],"firms.":[257,291],"Our":[258],"paper":[259],"uses":[260],"both":[261],"these":[263,519],"aspects":[264],"-":[265,271],"analyze":[273,324],"fees.We":[275],"methodology":[277],"limitation":[278],"existing":[280],"analyzing":[285],"samples":[286],"non-cross-listed":[290],"For":[292],"examples,":[293],"matched":[299,313],"size":[303],"industry,":[305],"while":[306],"country,":[317],"year,":[318],"industry.":[320],"did":[322,440],"using":[327,371,419,467,575],"more":[329],"rigorous":[330],"matching":[331,375],"model.":[332],"Recent":[333],"potential":[339],"threat":[340],"selection":[342],"bias":[343],"auditing":[345],"likely":[348],"occur":[350],"compare":[353],"small":[356],"accounting":[357],"have":[360],"characteristics.":[362],"Lawrence,":[363],"Minutti-Meza,":[364],"Zhang":[366],"(2011)":[367,426],"after":[370,574],"propensity":[373],"score":[374],"(PSM)":[376],"models,":[377],"treatment":[379],"effect":[380,444,457],"Big":[382],"4":[383,394],"turned":[385],"be":[387],"insignificantly":[388],"those":[391],"non-Big":[393],"respect":[397],"clients'":[400],"accruals.To":[402],"best":[404],"our":[406,559],"knowledge,":[407],"association":[412,431],"Japanese":[420,471],"still":[423],"limited.":[424],"Yazawa":[425],"performed":[427],"management,":[437],"he":[439],"consider":[442,455],"environment":[447,509],"this":[452],"paper,":[453],"fees,":[460,551],"risk,":[463],"markets":[477],"answer":[479,518],"questions:":[481],"what":[482],"correlation":[485,499],"environments":[492,536,573],"whether":[494],"extent":[496],"one":[507],"another":[515],"environment.To":[517],"questions,":[520],"use":[522],"PSM":[524,577],"model":[525],"control":[527],"firm":[531],"characteristics":[532],"two":[534],"carried":[538],"multivariate":[539],"regression":[540],"tests":[541],"verify":[543],"three":[544],"hypotheses":[545],"about":[546],"correlations":[548],"among":[549],"risk.Based":[557],"results,":[560],"there":[564],"under":[570],"model,":[578],"\u2026":[587]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
