{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2339877196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.4.g564","title":"Circulating xanthine oxidase: potential mediator of ischemic injury","display_name":"Circulating xanthine oxidase: potential mediator of ischemic injury","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2339877196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.4.g564","mag":"2339877196","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2333969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.4.g564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.4.g564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.4.g564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34136372","display_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology","issn_l":"0193-1857","issn":["0193-1857","1522-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070851783","display_name":"Yasuhiro Yokoyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-0486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-0486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Yokoyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010895814","display_name":"Joseph S. Beckman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-4653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-4653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. S. Beckman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102197448","display_name":"T. K. Beckman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. K. Beckman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091595818","display_name":"Joan K. Wheat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. K. Wheat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019381850","display_name":"T. Cash","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. G. Cash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013958345","display_name":"Bruce \u0391. Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2028-8369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2028-8369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. A. Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108375551","display_name":"Dale A. Parks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. A. Parks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.9144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":188,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98951713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"258","issue":"4","first_page":"G564","last_page":"G570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10999","display_name":"Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.5429999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10999","display_name":"Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.5429999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10155","display_name":"Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects","score":0.09809999912977219,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11139","display_name":"Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid","score":0.08470000326633453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xanthine-oxidase","display_name":"xanthine oxidase","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xanthine-dehydrogenase","display_name":"xanthine dehydrogenase","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-ischemia","display_name":"hepatic ischemia","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ischemia-reperfusion-injury","display_name":"ischemia-reperfusion injury","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-injury","display_name":"endothelial injury","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspartate-aminotransferase","display_name":"aspartate aminotransferase","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-dehydrogenase","display_name":"alcohol dehydrogenase","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-tissue-injury","display_name":"oxidative tissue injury","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151400659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15330855","display_name":"Xanthine dehydrogenase","level":4,"score":0.8570047616958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412509","display_name":"Xanthine oxidase","level":3,"score":0.842674970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541997718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188151","display_name":"Ischemia","level":2,"score":0.6782844662666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5196553468704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780114680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413991","display_name":"Reperfusion injury","level":3,"score":0.4925430715084076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779470414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50980","display_name":"Xanthine","level":3,"score":0.4568541646003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.45043516159057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.42805618047714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.410850465297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.40385428071022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.33047184348106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2819250226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27014803886413574}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000426","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Dehydrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001219","descriptor_name":"Aspartate Aminotransferases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007511","descriptor_name":"Ischemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007658","descriptor_name":"Ketone Oxidoreductases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008102","descriptor_name":"Liver Circulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010477","descriptor_name":"Perfusion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011919","descriptor_name":"Rats, Inbred Strains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014968","descriptor_name":"Xanthine Dehydrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014969","descriptor_name":"Xanthine Oxidase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.4.g564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.4.g564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.4.g564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34136372","display_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology","issn_l":"0193-1857","issn":["0193-1857","1522-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2333969","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2333969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of physiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.874.1000","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.874.1000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ajpgi.physiology.org/content/ajpgi/258/4/G564.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1281080750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS 24338","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1368417217","display_name":"LIVER PRESERVATION AND REPERFUSION","funder_award_id":"5r29dk038681-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G164422574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DK38681","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G294097918","display_name":"CEREBROVASCULAR INJURY FROM OXYGEN RADICALS","funder_award_id":"5r01ns024275-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G867641901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS24275","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499834471","https://openalex.org/W1506333726","https://openalex.org/W1522676079","https://openalex.org/W1577957881","https://openalex.org/W1583870157","https://openalex.org/W1680799029","https://openalex.org/W1705780367","https://openalex.org/W1990437328","https://openalex.org/W1997945541","https://openalex.org/W2017242150","https://openalex.org/W2018789330","https://openalex.org/W2034228138","https://openalex.org/W2045787293","https://openalex.org/W2069806800","https://openalex.org/W2073058960","https://openalex.org/W2078871261","https://openalex.org/W2082215499","https://openalex.org/W2082501904","https://openalex.org/W2085774270","https://openalex.org/W2128635872","https://openalex.org/W2175212754","https://openalex.org/W2182127653","https://openalex.org/W2263434320","https://openalex.org/W2300785501","https://openalex.org/W2395418996","https://openalex.org/W2404677189","https://openalex.org/W2418281073","https://openalex.org/W2426584680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2399620472","https://openalex.org/W2027967898","https://openalex.org/W2467414291","https://openalex.org/W2023587250","https://openalex.org/W2175212754","https://openalex.org/W2050330991","https://openalex.org/W2418416855","https://openalex.org/W87101778","https://openalex.org/W2041202641","https://openalex.org/W2053733534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reactive":[0],"oxygen":[1,199],"metabolites":[2,200],"generated":[3],"from":[4,37,57,84,96,116],"the":[5,15,38,53,82,113,148,169,189,196],"enzyme":[6],"xanthine":[7,106],"oxidase":[8],"(XO)":[9],"play":[10],"an":[11],"important":[12],"role":[13],"in":[14,81,112,126,147,165,168],"pathogenesis":[16],"of":[17,135,171,182],"ischemia-induced":[18],"tissue":[19,128,204],"injury.":[20,205],"The":[21,139],"observation":[22],"that":[23,47,179,195],"intracellular":[24],"proteins":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27],"aspartate":[28],"transaminase":[29],"(AST)":[30],"and":[31,67,184,194],"alcohol":[32],"dehydrogenase":[33,107],"(ADH)":[34],"are":[35,186],"released":[36,51,187],"ischemic":[39],"liver":[40],"during":[41],"reperfusion":[42],"led":[43],"us":[44],"to":[45,69,88,100,118,145,159],"postulate":[46],"XO":[48,110,131,142,185],"could":[49,201],"be":[50],"into":[52,188],"systemic":[54],"circulation.":[55],"Livers":[56],"fasted":[58],"rats":[59],"were":[60],"extirpated,":[61],"perfused":[62],"with":[63,157],"oxygenated":[64],"Krebs-Henseleit":[65],"buffer,":[66],"subjected":[68],"2":[70,75],"h":[71,76],"ischemia":[72,152,193],"followed":[73],"by":[74],"reperfusion.":[77],"Reperfusion":[78],"increased":[79,95,115],"AST":[80],"perfusate":[83,114],"1":[85,87],"+/-":[86,90,98,102,120],"830":[89],"280":[91],"U/l,":[92],"whereas":[93],"ADH":[94],"0.3":[97],"0.1":[99],"95":[101],"26":[103],"U/l.":[104],"Concomitantly,":[105],"(XDH)":[108],"+":[109,130,137,141],"activity":[111,132,143],"0":[117],"4.1":[119],"1.0":[121],"mU/ml.":[122],"A":[123],"64%":[124],"decrease":[125],"endogenous":[127],"XDH":[129,136,140,183],"paralleled":[133],"release":[134],"XO.":[138],"predicted":[144],"appear":[146],"circulation":[149,190],"after":[150,191],"hepatic":[151,192],"was":[153],"sufficient,":[154],"when":[155],"supplied":[156],"substrate,":[158],"produce":[160,202],"severe":[161],"vascular":[162],"endothelial":[163],"injury":[164],"vitro,":[166],"even":[167],"presence":[170],"serum":[172],"or":[173],"whole":[174],"blood.":[175],"These":[176],"results":[177],"suggest":[178],"massive":[180],"quantities":[181],"resulting":[197],"reactive":[198],"widespread":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}