{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2339715006","doi":null,"title":"The two-process model of sleep regulation revisited.","display_name":"The two-process model of sleep regulation revisited.","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2339715006","mag":"2339715006","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15018264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15018264","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15018264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aviation, space, and environmental medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021997838","display_name":"Peter Achermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0208-3511","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0208-3511"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Achermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Sleep Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. acherman@pharma.unizh.ch"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Sleep Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. acherman@pharma.unizh.ch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021997838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":163,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91615254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"3 Suppl","first_page":"A37","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.8310999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.8310999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.12960000336170197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-process-model","display_name":"two-process model","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-regulation","display_name":"sleep regulation","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-homeostasis","display_name":"sleep homeostasis","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circadian-rhythm","display_name":"circadian rhythm","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eeg-slow-wave-activity","display_name":"EEG slow-wave activity","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alertness","display_name":"alertness","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleepiness","display_name":"sleepiness","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-attention","display_name":"sustained attention","score":0.6269999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200678441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423044","display_name":"Alertness","level":2,"score":0.8561549186706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192769605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418914","display_name":"Vigilance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7082072496414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5946977138519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.5323940515518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.4661520719528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4578678607940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4474030137062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.4401564598083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96716892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4150028","display_name":"Sleep inertia","level":5,"score":0.41710779070854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121446783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208353","display_name":"Circadian rhythm","level":2,"score":0.40638428926467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.3147848844528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2882745563983917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2616519331932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.22275793552398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364801","display_name":"Sleep deprivation","level":3,"score":0.211199551820755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95423882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043667","display_name":"Sleep debt","level":4,"score":0.19922536611557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002940","descriptor_name":"Circadian Rhythm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006706","descriptor_name":"Homeostasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012892","descriptor_name":"Sleep Deprivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014851","descriptor_name":"Wakefulness","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15018264","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15018264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aviation, space, and environmental medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2339715006","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15018264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115576097","https://openalex.org/W1968725550","https://openalex.org/W2117373688","https://openalex.org/W2397214572","https://openalex.org/W4390459552","https://openalex.org/W7098274284","https://openalex.org/W2033160906","https://openalex.org/W7095238570","https://openalex.org/W4225370447","https://openalex.org/W2236052756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,69,83,95],"two-process":[1,84],"model":[2,73,85,99],"of":[3,10,29,36,53,56,65,71,89,92,97,104],"sleep":[4,30],"regulation":[5],"posits":[6],"that":[7],"the":[8,27,51,63,66,72,87,98],"interaction":[9,64],"its":[11,76,80],"two":[12,67],"constituent":[13],"processes,":[14],"a":[15,22,42],"sleep/wake":[16],"dependent":[17],"homeostatic":[18],"Process":[19,24,37],"S":[20,38],"and":[21,31,79,102,106],"circadian":[23],"C,":[25],"generates":[26],"timing":[28,52],"waking.":[32],"time":[34],"course":[35],"was":[39],"derived":[40],"from":[41,75],"physiological":[43,77],"variable,":[44],"EEG":[45],"slow-wave":[46],"activity.":[47],"In":[48],"addition":[49],"to":[50],"sleep,":[54],"changes":[55],"daytime":[57],"vigilance":[58],"are":[59,108],"accounted":[60],"for":[61],"by":[62],"processes.":[68],"attractiveness":[70],"derives":[74],"basis":[78],"mathematical":[81],"simplicity.":[82],"stimulated":[86],"establishment":[88],"other":[90],"models":[91],"neurobehavioral":[93],"functions.":[94],"background":[96],"is":[100],"reviewed":[101],"simulations":[103],"alertness":[105],"sleepiness":[107],"discussed.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}