{"id":"https://openalex.org/W233858147","doi":null,"title":"Why blacks do not take part in HIV vaccine trials.","display_name":"Why blacks do not take part in HIV vaccine trials.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W233858147","mag":"233858147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17393949","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2569631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2569631","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2569631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2569631","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061072510","display_name":"Demetrius Moutsiakis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demetrius L Moutsiakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P Nancy Chin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Nancy Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9043,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92428731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"3","first_page":"254","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.07240000367164612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10833","display_name":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-vaccine-trials","display_name":"HIV vaccine trials","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-stigma","display_name":"HIV stigma","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fear-of-hiv","display_name":"fear of HIV","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gay-and-bisexual-men","display_name":"gay and bisexual men","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-trust","display_name":"community trust","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underrepresentation-in-research","display_name":"underrepresentation in research","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.9433393478393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.668581485748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.653453528881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780195530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479804","display_name":"HIV vaccine","level":4,"score":0.49817728996276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.48220789432525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4729563891887665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.41362565755844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.34273654222488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778190748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907956","display_name":"Vaccine trial","level":3,"score":0.31290221214294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.17787247896194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16381728649139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005239","descriptor_name":"Fear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007407","descriptor_name":"Interviews as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016915","descriptor_name":"AIDS Vaccines","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018579","descriptor_name":"Patient Selection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035842","descriptor_name":"Research Subjects","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2569631","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2569631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:17393949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17393949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:233858147","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17393949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2569631","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2569631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9067000150680542,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7390999794006348,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7214147277","display_name":"Radiology Cancer Research Training Curriculum","funder_award_id":"R25CA089396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9405363","https://openalex.org/W51085212","https://openalex.org/W1969498684","https://openalex.org/W1993422891","https://openalex.org/W2000148449","https://openalex.org/W2005771874","https://openalex.org/W2015965189","https://openalex.org/W2030002650","https://openalex.org/W2038699105","https://openalex.org/W2045206297","https://openalex.org/W2060167234","https://openalex.org/W2123107134","https://openalex.org/W2315987042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028253777","https://openalex.org/W2100022946","https://openalex.org/W2736626463","https://openalex.org/W2070547662","https://openalex.org/W2020211119","https://openalex.org/W1983854247","https://openalex.org/W2019572580","https://openalex.org/W2015313390","https://openalex.org/W2332328729","https://openalex.org/W2330692954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"AIDS":[1],"is":[2,108],"still":[3],"a":[4,16,32,43,115],"major":[5,83],"cause":[6],"of":[7,35,85,139],"death.":[8],"To":[9],"combat":[10],"this":[11],"disease,":[12],"researchers":[13],"are":[14,50,144],"developing":[15],"vaccine.":[17],"Although":[18],"blacks":[19,67,77,112],"account":[20,30],"for":[21,31],"most":[22],"new":[23],"infections":[24],"in":[25,42,72],"the":[26,128],"United":[27],"States,":[28],"they":[29],"low":[33],"percent":[34],"experimental":[36],"vaccine":[37,48,74],"recipients.":[38],"This":[39],"study,":[40],"conducted":[41,58],"mid-sized":[44],"U.S.":[45],"city":[46],"where":[47],"trials":[49,75],"held,":[51],"seeks":[52],"to":[53,113,120,126,135,148],"learn":[54],"why.":[55],"METHODS:":[56],"We":[57],"11":[59],"in-depth":[60],"ethnographic":[61],"interviews.":[62],"Two":[63],"groups":[64],"were":[65,87],"targeted:":[66],"who":[68,78],"had":[69],"not":[70],"participated":[71],"HIV":[73,102,107],"and":[76,91,103,130],"had.":[79],"RESULTS:":[80],"Overall,":[81],"three":[82],"causes":[84,138],"nonparticipation":[86],"identified:":[88],"misinformation,":[89],"fear/mistrust":[90],"stigma.":[92],"Factors":[93],"that":[94],"favored":[95],"participation":[96,122],"included":[97],"having":[98],"close":[99],"friends":[100],"with":[101,154],"being":[104],"homosexual.":[105],"CONCLUSIONS:":[106],"considered":[109],"by":[110],"many":[111],"be":[114,149],"gay,":[116],"white":[117],"disease.":[118],"Steps":[119],"increase":[121],"must":[123],"include":[124],"efforts":[125],"destigmatize":[127],"condition":[129],"disseminate":[131],"accurate":[132],"information.":[133],"Efforts":[134],"address":[136],"historical":[137],"mistrust":[140],"through":[141,151],"\"education\"":[142],"alone":[143],"insufficient.":[145],"Trust":[146],"needs":[147],"earned":[150],"long-term":[152],"relationships":[153],"black":[155],"communities.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
