{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2337564236","doi":null,"title":"Social Security Redistribution by Education, Race, and Income: How Much and Why","display_name":"Social Security Redistribution by Education, Race, and Income: How Much and Why","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2337564236","mag":"2337564236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2337564236","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tpcresearch.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=1000626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lee M. Cohen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lee M. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92002222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.7705000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.7705000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.10279999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.08009999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security","display_name":"social security","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-redistribution","display_name":"income redistribution","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-formula","display_name":"benefit formula","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-differences","display_name":"educational differences","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pension-benefits","display_name":"retirement benefits","score":0.34599998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.813422679901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.7791827321052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.7700334191322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110458093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155757","display_name":"Redistribution of income and wealth","level":3,"score":0.6455507874488831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5409449338912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5403130650520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776099370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647087","display_name":"Survey of Income and Program Participation","level":2,"score":0.5103296637535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4846813976764679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3413575291633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.23302730917930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2042502760887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.07705122232437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2337564236","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tpcresearch.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=1000626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208383557","https://openalex.org/W218690016","https://openalex.org/W1510376093","https://openalex.org/W1568232976","https://openalex.org/W1577188183","https://openalex.org/W2011002138","https://openalex.org/W2060473070","https://openalex.org/W2070383419","https://openalex.org/W2096007797","https://openalex.org/W2111313588","https://openalex.org/W2340956534","https://openalex.org/W3122035611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2597007955","https://openalex.org/W2419156131","https://openalex.org/W7096175517","https://openalex.org/W1480495199","https://openalex.org/W2792413757","https://openalex.org/W3124271636","https://openalex.org/W3024349329","https://openalex.org/W7095605992","https://openalex.org/W115534865","https://openalex.org/W2341449897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Newly":[0],"available":[1],"data":[2],"from":[3,82],"Social":[4,22],"Security's":[5],"Modeling":[6],"Income":[7],"in":[8,95],"the":[9,38,41,46,83,87,91,96,104,109],"Near":[10],"Term":[11],"model,":[12],"version":[13],"2,":[14],"makes":[15],"it":[16],"possible":[17],"to":[18,25,48,89],"assess":[19],"how":[20],"much":[21],"Security":[23],"redistributes":[24],"various":[26],"income,":[27],"gender,":[28],"racial,":[29],"and":[30,61,69,85],"educational":[31],"cohorts.":[32],"This":[33,78],"redistribution":[34],"is":[35],"measured":[36],"on":[37,55,62,108],"basis":[39],"of":[40,106,111],"individual's":[42],"own":[43,57],"earnings":[44],"history,":[45],"extent":[47,88,110],"which":[49,67,90],"benefits":[50,70],"are":[51,71,75],"received":[52],"(whether":[53],"earned":[54],"one's":[56],"record":[58],"or":[59,100],"not),":[60],"a":[63],"shared":[64,72],"concept":[65],"under":[66],"taxes":[68],"when":[73],"spouses":[74],"both":[76],"alive.":[77],"paper":[79],"examines":[80],"findings":[81],"model":[84],"discusses":[86],"progressive":[92],"rate":[93],"structure":[94],"benefit":[97],"formula":[98],"offsets":[99],"does":[101],"not":[102],"offset":[103],"impact":[105],"mortality":[107],"redistribution.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}