{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2337207388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026016644624","title":"Overpaid? Public Service Delivery and City Manager Compensation in California","display_name":"Overpaid? Public Service Delivery and City Manager Compensation in California","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2337207388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026016644624","mag":"2337207388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0091026016644624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026016644624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026016644624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38942948","display_name":"Public Personnel Management","issn_l":"0091-0260","issn":["0091-0260","1945-7421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Personnel Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113927519","display_name":"Albert C. Hyde","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert C. Hyde","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049284648","display_name":"Eric S. Zeemering","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5469-1535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5469-1535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric S. Zeemering","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049284648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04179703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"190","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11461","display_name":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/municipal-corporations","display_name":"municipal corporations","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-service-delivery","display_name":"public service delivery","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elected-officials","display_name":"elected officials","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-compensation","display_name":"executive compensation","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-firms","display_name":"search firms","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california-cities","display_name":"California cities","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-wages","display_name":"public sector wages","score":0.335999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.7844688892364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6981714963912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68595000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2274177","display_name":"Service delivery framework","level":3,"score":0.6503963470458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6375036239624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.592035174369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.5853620171546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.5639115571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5346407294273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5082073211669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48028990626335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161837","display_name":"Public service","level":2,"score":0.42006027698516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.40147721767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.21793588995933533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1398560106754303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11645710468292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.09018614888191223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07386347651481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0655561089515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0091026016644624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026016644624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026016644624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38942948","display_name":"Public Personnel Management","issn_l":"0091-0260","issn":["0091-0260","1945-7421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Personnel Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W272141986","https://openalex.org/W568024511","https://openalex.org/W573994268","https://openalex.org/W579382849","https://openalex.org/W1511597312","https://openalex.org/W1898080334","https://openalex.org/W1934620097","https://openalex.org/W1963737580","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1980532092","https://openalex.org/W1988868566","https://openalex.org/W1989294278","https://openalex.org/W1994062728","https://openalex.org/W1997321280","https://openalex.org/W2012645501","https://openalex.org/W2026406426","https://openalex.org/W2048851200","https://openalex.org/W2050160040","https://openalex.org/W2050230772","https://openalex.org/W2052448707","https://openalex.org/W2053021529","https://openalex.org/W2058206698","https://openalex.org/W2083366898","https://openalex.org/W2083892481","https://openalex.org/W2109224098","https://openalex.org/W2109928882","https://openalex.org/W2118625646","https://openalex.org/W2128081152","https://openalex.org/W2128506069","https://openalex.org/W2138087578","https://openalex.org/W2141228353","https://openalex.org/W2145724308","https://openalex.org/W2149509270","https://openalex.org/W2152220538","https://openalex.org/W2157900628","https://openalex.org/W2163015536","https://openalex.org/W2163651885","https://openalex.org/W2167511165","https://openalex.org/W2170560854","https://openalex.org/W2210079875","https://openalex.org/W2286687721","https://openalex.org/W2314359502","https://openalex.org/W2317065585","https://openalex.org/W2319903638","https://openalex.org/W2320219188","https://openalex.org/W2321126590","https://openalex.org/W2333742827","https://openalex.org/W2531521542","https://openalex.org/W2752384816","https://openalex.org/W2789939590","https://openalex.org/W2797247465","https://openalex.org/W2971035614","https://openalex.org/W3124888610","https://openalex.org/W4230637043","https://openalex.org/W4237539348","https://openalex.org/W4254685206","https://openalex.org/W4300265862","https://openalex.org/W4302769563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3172117153","https://openalex.org/W1513906298","https://openalex.org/W2789939590","https://openalex.org/W2325061284","https://openalex.org/W1934620097","https://openalex.org/W2642431970","https://openalex.org/W2736528379","https://openalex.org/W1519464287","https://openalex.org/W2604218963","https://openalex.org/W7126311965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"City":[0],"manager":[1,134],"compensation":[2,61,107],"has":[3],"received":[4],"heightened":[5],"scrutiny":[6],"in":[7,11,67,101],"the":[8,23,33,39,53,56,68,84,122],"media":[9],"and":[10,90,116],"public":[12],"debate.":[13],"High":[14],"salaries":[15,24],"for":[16,49,113,125],"city":[17,45,133],"managers":[18,46],"are":[19,47],"sometimes":[20],"compared":[21],"with":[22,98,111,121],"of":[25,41,55,70,86],"elected":[26],"officials,":[27],"but":[28],"this":[29],"might":[30],"not":[31],"be":[32],"best":[34],"comparison":[35],"if":[36],"we":[37,73],"consider":[38,129],"nature":[40],"their":[42],"work.":[43],"If":[44],"responsible":[48],"municipal":[50,57],"corporations,":[51],"then":[52],"scope":[54,69,85],"enterprise":[58,76,123],"should":[59],"explain":[60],"practices.":[62,108],"Because":[63],"California":[64,102],"cities":[65],"vary":[66],"services":[71],"provided,":[72],"test":[74],"an":[75],"argument.":[77],"The":[78],"analysis":[79],"makes":[80],"a":[81],"distinction":[82],"between":[83],"direct":[87],"service":[88,92],"delivery":[89,93],"contract":[91],"by":[94],"cities.":[95],"Elite":[96],"interviews":[97],"search":[99],"firms":[100],"provide":[103],"additional":[104],"insight":[105],"into":[106],"We":[109],"conclude":[110],"paths":[112],"future":[114],"research":[115],"discuss":[117],"normative":[118],"implications":[119],"consistent":[120],"framework":[124],"governing":[126],"bodies":[127],"to":[128],"as":[130],"they":[131],"set":[132],"compensation.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}