{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2336660882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3965430","title":"Patent Protection, Intelligence and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Investigation","display_name":"Patent Protection, Intelligence and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Investigation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2336660882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3965430","mag":"2336660882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai::70842","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/70842/1/MPRA_paper_70842.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/70842/1/MPRA_paper_70842.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/71226/1/MPRA_paper_71226.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082264802","display_name":"Shoirahon Odilova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-3014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-3014"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shoirahon Odilova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glorious Sun School of Business ManagementDonghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glorious Sun School of Business ManagementDonghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaomin, Gu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin, Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glorious Sun School of Business & Management, Donghua University, 1882 West Yan'an Road, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glorious Sun School of Business & Management, Donghua University, 1882 West Yan'an Road, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082264802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.2354000061750412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.03150000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-protection","display_name":"patent protection","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"intellectual property","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence","display_name":"intelligence","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iq","display_name":"IQ","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderating-effect","display_name":"moderating effect","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-policy","display_name":"innovation policy","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178300618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898509","display_name":"Extant taxon","level":2,"score":0.8512358069419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6063390970230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46758079528808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai::70842","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/70842/1/MPRA_paper_70842.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/70842/1/MPRA_paper_70842.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai::71226","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/71226/1/MPRA_paper_71226.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/71226/1/MPRA_paper_71226.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pra:mprapa:70842","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/70842/1/MPRA_paper_70842.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/70842/1/MPRA_paper_70842.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pra:mprapa:71226","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/71226/1/MPRA_paper_71226.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/71226/1/MPRA_paper_71226.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3965431","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3965431","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3965431","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management 6(1) 798-803","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2336660882","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/71226.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.3965430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3965430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3965430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.3965431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3965431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3965431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai::71226","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/71226/1/MPRA_paper_71226.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/71226/1/MPRA_paper_71226.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2336660882.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2336660882.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592769497","https://openalex.org/W1844342369","https://openalex.org/W1866580937","https://openalex.org/W1898963253","https://openalex.org/W1947487466","https://openalex.org/W1956940534","https://openalex.org/W1969924142","https://openalex.org/W1984780651","https://openalex.org/W1990785861","https://openalex.org/W2000127626","https://openalex.org/W2019843575","https://openalex.org/W2029030687","https://openalex.org/W2029714669","https://openalex.org/W2030251533","https://openalex.org/W2030688093","https://openalex.org/W2065906135","https://openalex.org/W2092090289","https://openalex.org/W2094153372","https://openalex.org/W2102008151","https://openalex.org/W2102888584","https://openalex.org/W2166974667","https://openalex.org/W2206061543","https://openalex.org/W2291443984","https://openalex.org/W2530982922","https://openalex.org/W2571498850","https://openalex.org/W2577677392","https://openalex.org/W2588728401","https://openalex.org/W2739347335","https://openalex.org/W2993558866","https://openalex.org/W3121209461","https://openalex.org/W3125217044","https://openalex.org/W3125794986","https://openalex.org/W3143842264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7001355872","https://openalex.org/W2727827548","https://openalex.org/W7037372212","https://openalex.org/W41596782","https://openalex.org/W2433188259","https://openalex.org/W1596302216","https://openalex.org/W2000127626","https://openalex.org/W2739347335","https://openalex.org/W2128515082","https://openalex.org/W2621326712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extant":[0],"literature":[1],"on":[2,35,56],"the":[3,30,62,72,93],"link":[4],"between":[5,64],"patent":[6,33,51],"protection":[7,34,52],"and":[8,66,77],"economic":[9,36],"growth":[10,57],"have":[11],"yielded":[12],"inconclusive":[13],"results.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16,23],"study,":[17],"we":[18,48,69],"aim":[19],"to":[20,46],"engage":[21],"in":[22],"debate":[24],"by":[25],"conjecturing":[26],"that":[27,50,71,81],"intelligence":[28,87],"moderates":[29],"effect":[31,55,95],"of":[32,41,86,96,107],"growth.":[37],"Using":[38],"annual":[39],"data":[40],"88":[42],"nations":[43],"from":[44],"1970":[45],"2013":[47],"find":[49,70],"has":[53],"positive":[54],"only":[58],"after":[59],"accounting":[60],"for":[61,104],"interaction":[63,73],"IQ":[65],"IPR.":[67],"Indeed,":[68],"term":[74],"is":[75],"negative":[76,94],"statistically":[78],"significant":[79],"suggesting":[80],"countries":[82],"with":[83],"higher":[84],"level":[85],"(above":[88],"90":[89],"points)":[90],"can":[91],"offset":[92],"weak":[97],"IPR":[98],"protection.":[99],"The":[100],"results":[101],"remain":[102],"robust":[103],"a":[105],"battery":[106],"robustness":[108],"tests.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}