{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2335616795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199801010-00019","title":"The Effects of Abdominal Muscle Coactivation on Lumbar Spine Stability","display_name":"The Effects of Abdominal Muscle Coactivation on Lumbar Spine Stability","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2335616795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199801010-00019","mag":"2335616795","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9460158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00007632-199801010-00019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199801010-00019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199801010-00019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4026894","display_name":"Spine","issn_l":"0362-2436","issn":["0362-2436","1528-1159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062055353","display_name":"Mack G Gardner-Morse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-5926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-5926"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mack G. Gardner-Morse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA","Acceptance date: April 16, 1997","Acknowledgment date: August 5, 1996","Burlington, VT 05405-0084","Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation","Device status category: 1","E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","First revision date: January 23, 1997","Mack G. Gardner-Morse, MS","University of Vermont","the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acceptance date: April 16, 1997","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acknowledgment date: August 5, 1996","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Burlington, VT 05405-0084","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Device status category: 1","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"First revision date: January 23, 1997","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mack G. Gardner-Morse, MS","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vermont","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012286292","display_name":"Ian A. F. Stokes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-4969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-4969"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian A.F. Stokes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acceptance date: April 16, 1997","Acknowledgment date: August 5, 1996","Device status category: 1","First revision date: January 23, 1997","the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acceptance date: April 16, 1997","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acknowledgment date: August 5, 1996","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Device status category: 1","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"First revision date: January 23, 1997","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6001,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":344,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97147936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"86","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.7275000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.7275000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.18199999630451202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.03189999982714653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumbar-stability","display_name":"lumbar spine stability","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trunk-muscle-fatigue","display_name":"trunk muscle fatigue","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-stiffness","display_name":"muscle stiffness","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-flexion","display_name":"lateral bending","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumbar-extension","display_name":"lumbar extension","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780060146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637488","display_name":"Coactivation","level":3,"score":0.9783455729484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7290893793106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.5384132862091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.5048976540565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017433307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405478","display_name":"Lumbar spine","level":2,"score":0.44232314825057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.42237526178359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.41893649101257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.2852424681186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.14424628019332886}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000009","descriptor_name":"Abdominal Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008159","descriptor_name":"Lumbar Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013314","descriptor_name":"Stress, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016474","descriptor_name":"Weight-Bearing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019245","descriptor_name":"Compressive Strength","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00007632-199801010-00019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199801010-00019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199801010-00019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4026894","display_name":"Spine","issn_l":"0362-2436","issn":["0362-2436","1528-1159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9460158","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9460158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G105653139","display_name":"STABILITY OF MUSCULAR LOADING OF THE LUMBAR SPINE","funder_award_id":"R01AR044119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/006zn3t30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185874150","https://openalex.org/W1528145630","https://openalex.org/W1636350689","https://openalex.org/W1949678058","https://openalex.org/W1977085034","https://openalex.org/W1979914684","https://openalex.org/W1981126115","https://openalex.org/W1988523523","https://openalex.org/W1998463209","https://openalex.org/W2005240348","https://openalex.org/W2014029754","https://openalex.org/W2018591400","https://openalex.org/W2020236116","https://openalex.org/W2024821263","https://openalex.org/W2033022021","https://openalex.org/W2035320510","https://openalex.org/W2037136085","https://openalex.org/W2039369671","https://openalex.org/W2044651243","https://openalex.org/W2048582949","https://openalex.org/W2051597736","https://openalex.org/W2056589904","https://openalex.org/W2056859857","https://openalex.org/W2060525233","https://openalex.org/W2064491441","https://openalex.org/W2065437321","https://openalex.org/W2068165809","https://openalex.org/W2069742570","https://openalex.org/W2073333662","https://openalex.org/W2076942871","https://openalex.org/W2078789550","https://openalex.org/W2079852754","https://openalex.org/W2087953754","https://openalex.org/W2093132298","https://openalex.org/W2112650079","https://openalex.org/W2125626901","https://openalex.org/W2127733921","https://openalex.org/W2141587941","https://openalex.org/W2156839551","https://openalex.org/W2159436907","https://openalex.org/W2167048664","https://openalex.org/W2180511900","https://openalex.org/W4252401677","https://openalex.org/W4252808976"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027109188","https://openalex.org/W2144417872","https://openalex.org/W2052061926","https://openalex.org/W2100322080","https://openalex.org/W2327413361","https://openalex.org/W1977595568","https://openalex.org/W2085846426","https://openalex.org/W2100458076","https://openalex.org/W2023782093","https://openalex.org/W2140069549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"STUDY":[0],"DESIGN:":[1],"A":[2],"biomechanical":[3,69,126],"model":[4,127,153],"of":[5,15,27,49,59,73,128,164,167,194,216,236,239],"the":[6,13,25,92,96,129,165,178,182,187,191,195,202,214,237,252],"lumbar":[7,32,39,130,188],"spine":[8,33,40,131,203],"was":[9],"used":[10],"to":[11,56,91,94,177,204,250],"calculate":[12],"effects":[14,26,238],"abdominal":[16,28,74,82,138,241],"muscle":[17,29,35,139,169,179,196,242],"coactivation":[18,30,58,140,209],"on":[19,31,186],"spinal":[20,102,229],"stability.":[21],"OBJECTIVES:":[22],"To":[23],"estimate":[24],"stability,":[34,211],"fatigue":[36,180],"rate,":[37],"and":[38,101,108,112,117,132,144,190,223],"compression":[41],"forces.":[42],"SUMMARY":[43],"OF":[44],"BACKGROUND":[45],"DATA:":[46],"The":[47],"activation":[48,72],"human":[50],"trunk":[51],"muscles":[52,75],"has":[53,63,88],"been":[54,65,89],"found":[55,150],"involve":[57],"antagonistic":[60,85,137,208,240],"muscles,":[61],"which":[62,174],"not":[64],"adequately":[66],"predicted":[67],"by":[68],"models.":[70],"Antagonistic":[71],"might":[76],"produce":[77],"flexion":[78],"moments":[79],"resulting":[80],"from":[81],"pressurization.":[83],"Qualitatively,":[84],"activity":[86],"also":[87],"attributed":[90],"need":[93],"stabilize":[95,251],"spine.":[97,253],"METHODS:":[98],"Spinal":[99],"loads":[100],"stability":[103],"were":[104,142,146,160],"calculated":[105],"for":[106,201],"maximum":[107,183,228],"submaximum":[109],"(40%,":[110],"60%":[111],"80%)":[113],"efforts":[114],"in":[115,151,162,219,227],"extension":[116],"lateral":[118],"bending":[119],"using":[120],"a":[121,152,224],"previously":[122],"published,":[123],"anatomically":[124],"realistic":[125],"its":[133,246],"musculature.":[134],"Three":[135],"different":[136],"patterns":[141],"imposed,":[143],"results":[145],"compared":[147],"with":[148,154],"those":[149],"no":[155],"imposed":[156],"coactivation.":[157],"RESULTS:":[158],"Results":[159],"quantified":[161],"terms":[163],"sum":[166],"cubed":[168],"stresses":[170],"(sigma":[171],"sigma":[172,220,221],"m3,":[173],"is":[175,249],"related":[176],"rate),":[181],"compressive":[184],"loading":[185],"spine,":[189],"critical":[192],"value":[193],"stiffness":[197],"parameter":[198],"(q)":[199],"required":[200],"be":[205],"stable.":[206],"Forcing":[207],"increased":[210],"but":[212],"at":[213],"cost":[215],"an":[217],"increase":[218,226],"m3":[222],"small":[225],"compression.":[230],"CONCLUSIONS:":[231],"These":[232],"analyses":[233],"provide":[234],"estimates":[235],"coactivation,":[243],"indicating":[244],"that":[245],"probable":[247],"role":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
