{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2335327445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas121","title":"Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order","display_name":"Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2335327445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas121","mag":"2335327445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jahist/jas121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95667342","display_name":"Journal of American History","issn_l":"0021-8723","issn":["0021-8723","0161-391X","1945-2314","2326-2028"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of American History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060896216","display_name":"Jeffrey A. Engel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. A. Engel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University College Station, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University College Station, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060896216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":{"value":4600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.7151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":127,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98985797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"1","first_page":"368","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14338","display_name":"Leadership, Human Resources, Global Affairs","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12752","display_name":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liberal-international-order","display_name":"liberal international order","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-hegemony","display_name":"US hegemony","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unilateralism","display_name":"unilateralism","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/september-11-attacks","display_name":"September 11 attacks","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bush-administration-foreign-policy","display_name":"Bush administration foreign policy","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-institutions","display_name":"international institutions","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-norms","display_name":"international norms","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-cold-war-international-order","display_name":"post-Cold War international order","score":0.7129999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5462091565132141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.5189321041107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.5060850977897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135121143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182034","display_name":"Hegemony","level":3,"score":0.5039102435112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.5034262537956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.44830551743507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168263082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785893","display_name":"Unilateralism","level":3,"score":0.4334549307823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.41435953974723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38671934604644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.3476967215538025}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jahist/jas121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95667342","display_name":"Journal of American History","issn_l":"0021-8723","issn":["0021-8723","0161-391X","1945-2314","2326-2028"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of American History","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011852323","https://openalex.org/W2210294213","https://openalex.org/W2907044540","https://openalex.org/W4390740376","https://openalex.org/W4390740441","https://openalex.org/W4241571816","https://openalex.org/W7170460111","https://openalex.org/W4205139056","https://openalex.org/W2790153644","https://openalex.org/W7172425662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Liberal":[0,179],"Leviathan":[1,180],"is":[2,181],"a":[3,20,159,170,227],"sequel.":[4],"It":[5],"follows":[6],"the":[7,35,41,51,65,74,94,99,139,142,150,187,197,224,241],"author\u2019s":[8],"earlier":[9],"study":[10],"of":[11,40,76,96,101,141,152,173,189,196,203,220],"how":[12],"international":[13,25,43,102,115,143,200,238],"institutions":[14],"and":[15,23,68,84,98,166,207,231,247],"interconnectedness":[16],"can":[17],"lead":[18],"to":[19,93,138,185,226,232,248],"more":[21,85],"stable":[22,228],"prosperous":[24],"environment.":[26],"That":[27],"book,":[28],"After":[29],"Victory":[30],"(2001),":[31],"provocatively":[32],"argued":[33,125],"that":[34,223,253],"United":[36],"States,":[37],"as":[38,146],"progenitor":[39],"contemporary":[42],"system,":[44],"could":[45,87,105],"never":[46],"effectively":[47],"remove":[48],"itself":[49],"from":[50],"system":[52,230],"it":[53,112],"largely":[54,182],"spawned":[55],"after":[56],"1945.":[57],"Having":[58],"vanquished":[59],"its":[60,77],"major":[61],"ideological":[62],"threat":[63],"during":[64],"Cold":[66],"War":[67],"having":[69],"long":[70],"been":[71],"motivated":[72],"by":[73],"universality":[75],"own":[78],"ideology,":[79],"American":[80,163,234],"leaders":[81],"would":[82],"not,":[83,88,106],"importantly":[86],"employ":[89],"their":[90],"power":[91],"contrary":[92],"rule":[95],"law":[97],"pressure":[100],"norms.":[103],"Washington":[104,118,254],"in":[107,162,237],"essence,":[108],"go":[109],"rogue,":[110],"lest":[111],"face":[113],"dramatic":[114],"rebuke.":[116],"Then":[117],"did":[119],"just":[120],"what":[121],"G.":[122],"John":[123],"Ikenberry":[124,147],"against.":[126],"The":[127],"George":[128],"W.":[129],"Bush":[130],"administration":[131],"went":[132],"rogue":[133],"indeed,":[134],"deploying":[135],"unilateral":[136],"force":[137],"ire":[140],"community.":[144],"Just":[145],"predicted":[148],"before":[149],"attacks":[151],"September":[153],"11,":[154],"2001,":[155],"hegemonic":[156],"unilateralism":[157],"prompted":[158],"significant":[160],"decline":[161],"long-term":[164],"prestige":[165],"power.":[167],"Beyond":[168],"offering":[169],"healthy":[171],"dose":[172],"restrained":[174],"\u201cI":[175],"told":[176],"you":[177],"so,\u201d":[178],"Ikenberry\u2019s":[183],"attempt":[184],"understand":[186],"aftermath":[188],"Washington\u2019s":[190],"post-9/11":[191],"strategic":[192],"blunder.":[193],"As":[194],"one":[195],"most":[198],"influential":[199],"relations":[201],"theorists":[202],"our":[204],"day,":[205],"Ikenberry,":[206],"his":[208,217],"powerful":[209],"answer,":[210],"should":[211],"not":[212],"surprise":[213],"readers":[214],"familiar":[215],"with":[216],"large":[218],"body":[219],"prior":[221],"work:":[222],"secret":[225],"world":[229],"future":[233],"influence":[235],"lies":[236],"coalescence":[239],"around":[240],"very":[242],"institutions,":[243],"laws,":[244],"regulated":[245],"markets,":[246],"some":[249],"extent":[250],"shared":[251],"values":[252],"once":[255],"helped":[256],"forge.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}