{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2334723949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199911000-00021","title":"The Effect of Low-Dose Continuous Estrogen and Progesterone Therapy With Calcium and Vitamin D on Bone in Elderly Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial","display_name":"The Effect of Low-Dose Continuous Estrogen and Progesterone Therapy With Calcium and Vitamin D on Bone in Elderly Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2334723949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199911000-00021","mag":"2334723949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00006254-199911000-00021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199911000-00021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199911000-00021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115789314","display_name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","issn_l":"0029-7828","issn":["0029-7828","1533-9866"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrical &amp; Gynecological Survey","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052478195","display_name":"Robert R. Recker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-1404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-1404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert R. Recker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108371659","display_name":"K. Michael Davies","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Michael Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112559588","display_name":"Rachel Dowd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel M. Dowd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110246581","display_name":"Robert P. Heaney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert P. Heaney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4544,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65703568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"11","first_page":"711","last_page":"711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.04010000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10756","display_name":"Estrogen and related hormone effects","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormone-replacement-therapy","display_name":"hormone replacement therapy","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-dose-estrogen","display_name":"low-dose estrogen","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medroxyprogesterone","display_name":"medroxyprogesterone","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugated-equine-estrogens","display_name":"conjugated equine estrogens","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postmenopausal-osteoporosis","display_name":"postmenopausal osteoporosis","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-mineral-density","display_name":"bone mineral density","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-women","display_name":"older women","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-supplementation","display_name":"calcium supplementation","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-supplementation","display_name":"vitamin D supplementation","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-bone-mineral-density","display_name":"spinal bone mineral density","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-body-bone-mineral-content","display_name":"total body bone mineral content","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femoral-neck","display_name":"femoral neck","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forearm-bone-mineral-density","display_name":"forearm bone mineral density","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-side-effects","display_name":"treatment side effects","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginal-bleeding","display_name":"vaginal bleeding","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menopause","display_name":"menopause","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-loss-prevention","display_name":"bone loss prevention","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporosis","display_name":"osteoporosis","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9644057750701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.6743437051773071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.6523236036300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775854910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4844892","display_name":"Femoral neck","level":3,"score":0.6059780120849609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776306185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823834","display_name":"Medroxyprogesterone acetate","level":3,"score":0.6059238314628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780159708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17003363","display_name":"Hormone replacement therapy (female-to-male)","level":3,"score":0.6049017906188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.5637462139129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.5282577276229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.48355957865715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.48336905241012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4722915291786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779329777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304401","display_name":"Bone density","level":3,"score":0.45271575450897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777164284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277954","display_name":"Estrogen","level":2,"score":0.4259367883205414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058681","display_name":"Testosterone (patch)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00006254-199911000-00021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199911000-00021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199911000-00021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115789314","display_name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","issn_l":"0029-7828","issn":["0029-7828","1533-9866"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrical &amp; Gynecological Survey","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cdr.creighton.edu:10504/91315","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199911000-00021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407097583","display_name":"Creighton Digital Repository (CDR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","host_organization_name":"Creighton University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004302812","https://openalex.org/W2026964837","https://openalex.org/W2155040026","https://openalex.org/W1963970016","https://openalex.org/W2089578801","https://openalex.org/W2316010090","https://openalex.org/W2051780824","https://openalex.org/W2049402685","https://openalex.org/W3187058077","https://openalex.org/W2472948090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"conventional":[1],"hormone":[2,318,330,402,422],"replacement":[3,319,331,403,423],"therapy":[4,320,332,404,424],"(HRT)":[5],"definitely":[6],"prevents":[7],"postmenopausal":[8,477],"osteoporosis,":[9],"its":[10,27],"side":[11,486],"effects":[12,238,262,487],"are":[13,413,488],"dose":[14],"related":[15,242],"and":[16,45,86,248,250,272,309,323,364,367,393,407,461,468,485],"have":[17],"limited":[18],"the":[19,127,145,150,164,203,212,222,229,244,255,317,342,351,356,360,370,401,414],"number":[20],"of":[21,38,41,48,181,197,257,260,270,329,421,472],"women":[22,56],"who":[23,143],"can":[24],"benefit":[25],"from":[26],"bone-sparing":[28,483],"effects.":[29],"This":[30],"study":[31,146],"was":[32,74,84,91,98,173,225,333,425],"designed":[33],"to":[34,109,113,125,130,194,240,243,437,448],"evaluate":[35],"a":[36,87,105,195,481],"combination":[37],"0.3":[39],"mg":[40,47],"conjugated":[42],"equine":[43],"estrogen":[44],"2.5":[46],"medroxyprogesterone":[49],"daily":[50,103],"in":[51,149,154,163,202,219,221,287,316,355,400,475],"128":[52],"generally":[53],"healthy":[54],"white":[55],"older":[57],"than":[58,100],"65":[59],"years":[60,180],"whose":[61,94],"spinal":[62],"bone":[63,186,289,297,303,311,430],"mineral":[64,187,290,298,304,312],"density":[65,291,299,313],"(BMD)":[66,292],"at":[67,131,335,359,369],"baseline":[68,177,201],"(measured":[69],"by":[70,254,442,453,490],"dual-energy":[71],"x-ray":[72],"absorptiometry)":[73],"0.9":[75],"gm/cc":[76],"or":[77,278,353],"less.":[78],"A":[79],"randomized,":[80],"double-blind,":[81],"placebo-controlled":[82],"design":[83],"used,":[85],"3.5-year":[88],"treatment":[89,137,182,419],"time":[90,214],"planned.":[92],"Patients":[93,118],"dietary":[95,111],"calcium":[96,106,112,460],"intake":[97],"less":[99],"1":[101,114],"gm":[102,115],"received":[104,120],"supplement":[107],"sufficient":[108],"bring":[110],"per":[116,439,450],"day.":[117],"also":[119],"25-hydroxyvitamin":[121],"D":[122,463],"if":[123],"needed":[124],"increase":[126],"serum":[128],"level":[129,380,390],"least":[132],"75":[133],"nmol/liter.":[134],"Compliance":[135],"with":[136,159,459],"exceeded":[138],"90":[139],"percent":[140,175,199,210],"for":[141,191,231,427],"participants":[142],"completed":[144],"period.":[147,215],"BMD":[148,220,233],"spine":[151,288],"increased":[152,189,354],"significantly":[153,234],"patients":[155,207,274],"receiving":[156],"HRT":[157,204,245],"compared":[158],"placebo":[160,206,324,357,408],"recipients,":[161],"especially":[162],"first":[165],"6":[166,268],"months":[167,193,269],"(Fig.":[168,183],"1).":[169],"The":[170,216,327,418],"peak":[171],"gain":[172,196,218],"4":[174],"over":[176,200],"after":[178,267,280],"3":[179],"2).":[184],"Total-body":[185],"content":[188,305],"steadily":[190],"18":[192],"3.1":[198],"group;":[205],"gained":[208],"1.5":[209],"during":[211],"same":[213,352],"overall":[217],"femoral":[223,295,343,365],"neck":[224,296,344,366],"not":[226],"significant,":[227],"but":[228],"trend":[230],"radial":[232],"favored":[235],"HRT.":[236],"Side":[237],"considered":[239],"be":[241],"were":[246,251,265],"mild":[247],"short-lasting":[249],"easily":[252],"tolerated":[253,489],"majority":[256],"patients.":[258,492],"Most":[259],"these":[261],"no":[263,273],"longer":[264],"present":[266],"treatment,":[271],"had":[275],"vaginal":[276],"bleeding":[277],"spotting":[279],"12":[281],"months.":[282],"FIGUREFig.":[283],"1:":[284],"Percentage":[285],"change":[286],"(top":[293,307,381,391],"left),":[294,301,382,388],"(bottom":[300,314,387,398],"total-body":[302],"(BMC)":[306],"right),":[308,392],"forearm":[310],"right)":[315,399],"group":[321,325,358,405,409],"(squares)":[322,406],"(diamonds).":[326,410],"effect":[328,420],"significant":[334,426],"all":[336,428],"sites":[337],"(P":[338,345],"<":[339],".01)":[340],"except":[341],"=":[346],".19).":[347],"Bone":[348],"mass":[349],"remained":[350],"spine,":[361],"total":[362],"body,":[363],"decreased":[368],"forearm.":[371],"Error":[372],"bars":[373],"represent":[374],"SEs.Fig.":[375],"2:":[376],"Total":[377],"alkaline":[378,434],"phosphatase":[379,435],"24-hour":[383,394],"urinary":[384,395],"hydroxyproline:creatinine":[385],"ratio":[386,397],"osteocalcin":[389,446],"calcium:creatinine":[396],"Values":[411],"shown":[412],"mean":[415],"\u00b1":[416],"SE.":[417],"four":[429],"markers.":[431],"To":[432,444],"convert":[433,445],"values":[436,447],"microkatal":[438],"liter,":[440,451],"multiply":[441,452],"0.01667.":[443],"nanomoles":[449],"0.0171.Continuous":[454],"low-dose":[455],"HRT,":[456],"when":[457],"combined":[458],"vitamin":[462],"supplements,":[464],"is":[465],"an":[466],"effective":[467],"relatively":[469],"inexpensive":[470],"way":[471],"preventing":[473],"osteoporosis":[474],"elderly":[476],"women.":[478],"It":[479],"has":[480],"potent":[482],"effect,":[484],"most":[491],"Ann":[493],"Intern":[494],"Med":[495],"1999;130:897\u2013904":[496]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}