{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2334716640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/538993","title":"An Experiment in the Computer Measurement of Melodic Variation in Folksong","display_name":"An Experiment in the Computer Measurement of Melodic Variation in Folksong","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2334716640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/538993","mag":"2334716640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/538993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/538993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/538993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162384186","display_name":"Journal of American Folklore","issn_l":"0021-8715","issn":["0021-8715","1535-1882"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315680","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315680"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Illinois Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of American Folklore","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039830412","display_name":"Deborah K. Scherrer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah K. Scherrer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090533607","display_name":"P. H. Scherrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6937-6968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6937-6968"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip H. Scherrer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":41.5639,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99203908,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"332","first_page":"230","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10941","display_name":"Musicology and Musical Analysis","score":0.8086000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10941","display_name":"Musicology and Musical Analysis","score":0.8086000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.1615000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melodic-variation","display_name":"melodic variation","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-variation","display_name":"thematic variation","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folk-songs","display_name":"folk songs","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43803900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170412","display_name":"Melody","level":3,"score":0.9650155305862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7891169190406799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991805854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43343","display_name":"Folk music","level":3,"score":0.6548914909362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.5527641773223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43905436992645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.42960605025291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4243253469467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3988213837146759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.3930789828300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35510021448135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3353128433227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3351081609725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.32552582025527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.2693081498146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.23241868615150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.17171001434326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/538993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/538993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/538993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162384186","display_name":"Journal of American Folklore","issn_l":"0021-8715","issn":["0021-8715","1535-1882"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315680","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315680"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Illinois Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of American Folklore","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327065998","https://openalex.org/W2221253194","https://openalex.org/W2011902250","https://openalex.org/W2989894601","https://openalex.org/W7160228065","https://openalex.org/W4230890305","https://openalex.org/W1978217583","https://openalex.org/W2607722172","https://openalex.org/W2961990746","https://openalex.org/W7100414550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MANY":[0],"FOLK":[1],"MUSIC":[2],"SCHOLARS":[3],"have":[4,20,51,61,64,93,261],"been":[5,21,52,62,262,267,274,285],"frustrated":[6],"by":[7,31,48,113,127],"the":[8,24,32,45,121,169,172,176,184,187,212,228,233,238],"problem":[9],"of":[10,18,26,36,40,70,75,123,136,152,161,175,186,205,231,251,280],"determining":[11,258],"folk":[12,49,131,234],"tune":[13,85],"variants.":[14],"Although":[15,78],"virtually":[16],"thousands":[17],"pages":[19],"written":[22],"concerning":[23],"technique":[25],"thematic":[27,115],"variation":[28,116],"as":[29],"practiced":[30],"greatest":[33],"artistic":[34],"composers":[35],"Western":[37],"music,":[38],"contributions":[39],"a":[41,97,102,111,128,137,149,162,203,249],"significant":[42],"nature":[43],"regarding":[44],"changes":[46],"undergone":[47],"melodies":[50,72],"distinctly":[53],"few":[54,92],"in":[55,100,143,211],"number.":[56],"Even":[57],"those":[58],"studies":[59],"that":[60,179],"done":[63,126],"often":[65],"resulted":[66],"indirectly":[67],"from":[68],"techniques":[69],"indexing":[71],"or":[73],"discussions":[74],"stylistic":[76],"analysis.":[77],"scholars":[79],"certainly":[80],"do":[81],"manage":[82],"to":[83,95,156,168,171,183,193,218,225,247,276],"determine":[84,96,219],"variants":[86,220,260],"through":[87],"some":[88,242],"mysterious":[89],"mental":[90,159,173],"process,":[91],"attempted":[94],"musical":[98],"variant":[99],"even":[101],"partly":[103],"objective":[104,124,255],"way.":[105],"In":[106],"this":[107],"report":[108],"we":[109],"present":[110,210],"process":[112],"which":[114,246],"can":[117],"be":[118,222],"determined":[119],"with":[120],"aid":[122],"analysis":[125],"computer.":[129],"The":[130,189],"are":[132,146,166],"not":[133,208],"automatic":[134],"transmitters":[135],"received":[138],"tune.":[139],"What":[140],"they":[141],"carry":[142],"their":[144],"memories":[145],"general":[147],"outlines,":[148],"fluid":[150,229],"notion":[151],"song":[153],"recreated":[154],"according":[155],"each":[157,272,283],"individual's":[158],"concept":[160,230],"particular":[163,180],"melody.":[164],"Tunes":[165],"adapted":[167],"occasion,":[170],"constitution":[174],"singer":[177,190],"at":[178,237],"moment,":[181],"and":[182,197,200,282],"response":[185],"listener.":[188],"is":[191],"free":[192],"change":[194],"melodic":[195,259],"movement":[196],"rhythm,":[198],"range":[199],"mode":[201],"within":[202],"series":[204],"traditional":[206],"controls":[207],"consciously":[209],"musician's":[213],"mind.":[214],"Thus,":[215],"any":[216],"attempt":[217],"must":[221],"elastic":[223],"enough":[224],"account":[226],"for":[227,257],"music":[232],"possess,":[235],"while":[236],"same":[239],"time":[240],"maintaining":[241],"relative":[243],"constant":[244],"upon":[245],"base":[248],"system":[250],"determination.":[252],"Some":[253],"relatively":[254],"systems":[256],"proposed,":[263],"although":[264],"none":[265],"has":[266,273,284],"significantly":[268],"successful,":[269],"mainly":[270],"because":[271],"confined":[275],"only":[277],"one":[278],"parameter":[279],"comparison":[281],"much":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
