{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2334089913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2077624","title":"Lamsas, Cacwl, and the South\u2013south Midland Dialect Boundary in Nineteenth-Century North Carolina","display_name":"Lamsas, Cacwl, and the South\u2013south Midland Dialect Boundary in Nineteenth-Century North Carolina","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2334089913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2077624","mag":"2334089913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1215/00031283-2077624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2077624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2077624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203328646","display_name":"American Speech","issn_l":"0003-1283","issn":["0003-1283","1527-2133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Speech","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael Ellis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119942284","display_name":"Missouri State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01d2sez20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119942284"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missouri State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missouri State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119942284"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045045802","display_name":"Michael B. Montgomery","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Montgomery","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4715,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89551511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"87","issue":"4","first_page":"470","last_page":"490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-variation","display_name":"lexical variation","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-variation","display_name":"grammatical variation","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-influence","display_name":"German influence","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/settler-migration","display_name":"settler migration","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antebellum-period","display_name":"antebellum period","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9142","display_name":"Irish","level":2,"score":0.664366602897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.615451991558075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.5649211406707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.5587517023086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020212850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456","display_name":"South carolina","level":2,"score":0.5260213017463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.4851396977901459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.479549378156662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.41501739621162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.395795613527298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13132458925247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1070762574672699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07768264412879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1215/00031283-2077624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2077624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2077624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203328646","display_name":"American Speech","issn_l":"0003-1283","issn":["0003-1283","1527-2133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Speech","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bearworks.missouristate.edu:articles-coal-1024","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/articles-coal/25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196450","display_name":"BearWorks (Missouri State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119942284","host_organization_name":"Missouri State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119942284"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"College of Arts and Letters","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bearworks.missouristate.edu:articles-coal-1131","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/articles-coal/132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196450","display_name":"BearWorks (Missouri State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119942284","host_organization_name":"Missouri State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119942284"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Articles by College of Arts and Letters Faculty","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ddasp:87/4/470","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://americanspeech.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/short/87/4/470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171709490","https://openalex.org/W185478639","https://openalex.org/W628519856","https://openalex.org/W1520637587","https://openalex.org/W1978189844","https://openalex.org/W2014807969","https://openalex.org/W2023469508","https://openalex.org/W2032580728","https://openalex.org/W2049986381","https://openalex.org/W2056757007","https://openalex.org/W2131941981","https://openalex.org/W2172278131","https://openalex.org/W2318500096","https://openalex.org/W2335101363","https://openalex.org/W2780424436","https://openalex.org/W2796351242","https://openalex.org/W2797042166","https://openalex.org/W4237453364","https://openalex.org/W4238075089","https://openalex.org/W4238774478","https://openalex.org/W4248218714","https://openalex.org/W4248889450","https://openalex.org/W4297665422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160094113","https://openalex.org/W2322851003","https://openalex.org/W171709490","https://openalex.org/W4231458251","https://openalex.org/W2326764323","https://openalex.org/W1864377707","https://openalex.org/W2560458836","https://openalex.org/W6987389431","https://openalex.org/W2321466990","https://openalex.org/W7135262573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,8,24,28,36,49,55,81,87,97,105,118,124,130,133,138,152,162,166,169,172,177,190,197,203,206,209,217,219],"dialect":[4],"boundary":[5,64,125,141],"that":[6,61,78,123],"separates":[7],"eastern":[9],"and":[10,30,35,72,77,93,156,185,193,212],"western":[11,163],"halves":[12],"of":[13,27,38,91,104,114,132,151,154,165,171,208],"North":[14,67,107,143],"Carolina":[15,68,76,108,144],"using":[16],"data":[17,46],"collected":[18,47],"by":[19,216],"two":[20],"very":[21],"different":[22],"projects,":[23],"Linguistic":[25],"Atlas":[26],"Middle":[29],"South":[31,75,82],"Atlantic":[32],"States":[33],"(LAMSAS)":[34],"Corpus":[37],"American":[39],"Civil":[40,134],"War":[41],"Letters":[42],"(CACWL).":[43],"Using":[44],"LAMSAS":[45,220],"in":[48,54,96,142,146,189],"1930s":[50],"from":[51,86,159],"speakers":[52],"born":[53],"late-nineteenth":[56],"century,":[57],"Hans":[58],"Kurath":[59],"posited":[60],"such":[62],"a":[63,149],"extended":[65],"across":[66],"northward":[69],"into":[70,74,161],"Virginia":[71],"southwestward":[73],"it":[79],"demarcated":[80],"Midland":[83,140],"speech":[84],"region":[85],"South.":[88],"An":[89],"analysis":[90],"lexical":[92],"grammatical":[94],"variants":[95],"2,299":[98],"letters":[99],"(representing":[100],"one":[101],"million":[102],"words)":[103],"CACWL":[106],"sample":[109],"provides":[110],"important":[111],"real-time":[112],"confirmation":[113],"Kurath's":[115],"claim":[116],"for":[117],"boundary.":[119],"It":[120],"also":[121],"suggests":[122],"was":[126,145,200,222],"established":[127],"well":[128],"before":[129,168],"beginning":[131],"War.":[135],"No":[136],"doubt":[137],"South\u2013South":[139],"large":[147],"part":[148],"consequence":[150],"migration":[153],"Scotch-Irish":[155,178],"German":[157,198],"settlers":[158],"Pennsylvania":[160],"half":[164],"state":[167],"end":[170,207],"eighteenth":[173],"century.":[174],"However,":[175],"while":[176],"influence":[179,199],"appears":[180],"to":[181],"have":[182],"remained":[183],"strong":[184],"perhaps":[186],"even":[187],"spread":[188],"late":[191],"nineteenth":[192],"early":[194],"twentieth":[195],"centuries,":[196],"already":[201],"on":[202],"decline":[204],"toward":[205],"antebellum":[210],"period":[211],"had":[213],"almost":[214],"disappeared":[215],"time":[218],"fieldwork":[221],"carried":[223],"out.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}