{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2333848522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2552347","title":"Productivity and Growth in Manufacturing Industry: A Reply","display_name":"Productivity and Growth in Manufacturing Industry: A Reply","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2333848522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2552347","mag":"2333848522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2552347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2552347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2552347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108845946","display_name":"Economica","issn_l":"0013-0427","issn":["0013-0427","1468-0335"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060877516","display_name":"Nicholas Kaldor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Kaldor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060877516"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":222,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45475966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"140","first_page":"385","last_page":"385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.7875999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.7875999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.19200000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11743","display_name":"Political Economy and Marxism","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-maturity","display_name":"economic maturity","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-productivity","display_name":"manufacturing productivity","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underdevelopment","display_name":"underdevelopment","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disguised-unemployment","display_name":"hidden unemployment","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-economy","display_name":"dual economy","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surplus-labor","display_name":"surplus labor","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arthur-lewis","display_name":"Arthur Lewis","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5856642723083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778860618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157499","display_name":"Goodwill","level":2,"score":0.5521397590637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514928085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206","display_name":"Capitalism","level":3,"score":0.529458224773407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.48031729459762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4788529872894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101433766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3543263","display_name":"Maturity (psychological)","level":2,"score":0.4640554189682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4351639449596405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.4169357419013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4165456295013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41458344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732577","display_name":"Publication","level":2,"score":0.41214191913604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3494718074798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.32398030161857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2546094059944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.24993199110031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23230639100074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1643695831298828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.12107318639755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2552347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2552347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2552347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108845946","display_name":"Economica","issn_l":"0013-0427","issn":["0013-0427","1468-0335"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7257999777793884}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6499999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367953796","https://openalex.org/W2389480262","https://openalex.org/W2357216698","https://openalex.org/W2394051310","https://openalex.org/W2030288348","https://openalex.org/W2362979286","https://openalex.org/W2381562357","https://openalex.org/W2357472441","https://openalex.org/W1513948990","https://openalex.org/W2355187359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Professor":[0,83],"Wolfe":[1,84],"attacks":[2],"me":[3],"(in":[4],"the":[237],"May,":[6],"1968":[7],"issue":[8],"of":[9,39,44,91,95,120,133,163,178,200,217,239,260,274,300,305,329,335,339],"Economica)":[10],"for":[11],"being":[12],"obscure":[13],"and":[14,41,49,80,143,290,312],"unconvincing":[15],"in":[16,98,123,137,176,181,188,213,246,254,321],"inaugural":[18],"lecture":[19,27,192],"which":[20,151,172,182,247,255],"I":[21,28,112,193,220],"gave":[22],"at":[23],"Cambridge.1":[24],"In":[25,190],"this":[26,50],"attempted":[29],"to":[30,59,102,104,114,224,319,343],"put":[31],"forward":[32],"a":[179],"complex":[34],"thesis":[35,108],"concerning":[36],"causes":[38],"high":[40],"low":[42],"rates":[43],"economic":[164],"growth":[256],"under":[47],"capitalism,":[48],"was":[51],"necessarily":[52],"somewhat":[53],"scanty;":[54],"there":[55,183],"is":[56,160,167,184,250,267],"limit":[58],"material":[61],"one":[62,253],"can":[63,173],"pack":[64],"into":[65],"single":[67],"lecture.":[68],"Such":[69],"treatment":[71],"could":[72,221,232],"only":[73,342],"be":[74,140,174,234],"successful":[75],"if":[76],"received":[77],"with":[78,106,257,332],"imagination":[79],"some":[81,169],"goodwill;":[82],"has":[85],"picked":[86],"on":[87,147],"large":[89],"number":[90],"individual":[92],"points":[93,150],"(many":[94],"them":[96],"trivial":[97],"substance)":[99],"without":[100],"attempting":[101],"come":[103],"grips":[105],"as":[197],"whole.":[111],"propose":[113],"publish":[115],"more":[117],"comprehensive":[118],"statement":[119],"theory":[122,295],"due":[124],"course.2":[125],"Meanwhile":[126],"rather":[127],"than":[128],"follow":[129],"negative":[131],"approach":[132],"answering":[134],"each":[135],"point":[136],"turn-which":[138],"would":[139],"both":[141],"tedious":[142],"unconstructive-I":[144],"shall":[145],"concentrate":[146],"main":[149],"have":[152,222],"clearly":[153],"not":[154,168],"been":[155],"understood.":[156],"Foremost":[157],"among":[158],"these":[159],"my":[161,191],"notion":[162,171],"maturity.":[165],"This":[166],"vague":[170],"defined":[175,194,235],"terms":[177],"situation":[180,245],"relatively":[185],"small":[186],"employment":[187],"agriculture.":[189],"it":[195],"explicitly":[196],"state":[199],"affairs":[201],"where":[202],"real":[203],"income":[204],"per":[205],"head":[206],"had":[207],"reached":[208],"broadly":[209],"same":[211],"level":[212],"different":[215,308],"sectors":[216],"economy.":[219],"added,":[223],"convey":[225],"its":[226],"significance":[227],"better,":[228],"that":[229,297,310,315,324],"''economic":[230],"maturity":[231],"also":[233],"end":[238],"dual":[283],"economy;":[242],"or":[243,252,285],"surplus":[248],"labour":[249,261],"exhausted;":[251],"unlimited":[258],"supplies":[259],"(to":[262],"use":[263],"Arthur":[264],"Lewis'":[265],"phrase)":[266],"no":[268],"longer":[269],"possible.":[270],"The":[271],"neo-classical":[272,294],"framework":[273],"thought":[275],"cannot":[276],"accommodate":[277],"notions":[278],"like":[279],"disguised":[280],"unemployment,":[281],"economy,":[284],"distinction":[287],"between":[288,307],"capitalist":[289],"pre-capitalist":[291],"enterprise.":[292],"For":[293],"assumes":[296],"structure":[299],"demand":[301],"determines":[302],"distribution":[304],"resources":[306],"uses;":[309],"competition":[311],"mobility":[313],"assures":[314],"factor":[330],"prices":[331],"tend":[318],"equality":[320,328],"all":[322],"employments;":[323],"profit":[325],"maximization":[326],"ensures":[327],"value":[334],"marginal":[337],"products":[338],"factors;":[340],"subject":[341],"friction":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T09:42:04.148104","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
