{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2333766455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","title":"The Defense of Cartagena","display_name":"The Defense of Cartagena","publication_year":1962,"publication_date":"1962-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2333766455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","mag":"2333766455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","pdf_url":"https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article-pdf/42/4/477/774218/0420477.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25748888","display_name":"Hispanic American Historical Review","issn_l":"0018-2168","issn":["0018-2168","1527-1900"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","latindex","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hispanic American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article-pdf/42/4/477/774218/0420477.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001304542","display_name":"Charles E. Nowell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles E. Nowell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001304542"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"4","first_page":"477","last_page":"477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13460","display_name":"Historical Studies in Latin America","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13460","display_name":"Historical Studies in Latin America","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12283","display_name":"Latin American history and culture","score":0.030300000682473183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12739","display_name":"Historical Studies on Spain","score":0.016200000420212746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartagena","display_name":"Cartagena","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-colonial-military-history","display_name":"Spanish colonial military history","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-of-the-spanish-succession","display_name":"War of the Spanish Succession","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philip-v-of-spain","display_name":"Philip V of Spain","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.28518491983413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2714817523956299}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","pdf_url":"https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article-pdf/42/4/477/774218/0420477.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25748888","display_name":"Hispanic American Historical Review","issn_l":"0018-2168","issn":["0018-2168","1527-1900"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","latindex","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hispanic American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/2510040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2510040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2510040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25748888","display_name":"Hispanic American Historical Review","issn_l":"0018-2168","issn":["0018-2168","1527-1900"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","latindex","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Hispanic American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-42.4.477","pdf_url":"https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article-pdf/42/4/477/774218/0420477.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25748888","display_name":"Hispanic American Historical Review","issn_l":"0018-2168","issn":["0018-2168","1527-1900"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","latindex","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hispanic American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2333766455.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099881398","https://openalex.org/W4255725590","https://openalex.org/W4239023761","https://openalex.org/W1557115713","https://openalex.org/W4383722886","https://openalex.org/W1599856473","https://openalex.org/W2318885722","https://openalex.org/W6981616389","https://openalex.org/W2968446954","https://openalex.org/W4297519325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"C":[0],"ARTAGENA,":[1],"founded":[2,158],"in":[3,96,105,153,253,306],"1533":[4],"by":[5,25,41,75,136,145,179],"Pedro":[6],"de":[7,151,250,281,322,328,342],"Heredia":[8],"on":[9,163],"a":[10,20,132,160,359],"sandy":[11],"island":[12],"west":[13],"of":[14,77,101,109,139,148,175,189,206,233,236,263,268],"the":[15,26,55,72,78,81,99,102,107,137,146,172,187,204,211,222,234,266,307],"Magdalena":[16],"entrance,":[17],"had":[18,93],"become":[19,358],"strategic":[21],"Spanish":[22,59,173],"American":[23],"point":[24],"eighteenth":[27],"century.":[28],"It":[29],"ranked":[30],"third":[31],"among":[32],"Spain":[33,193],"'s":[34],"new":[35,229],"world":[36],"ports,":[37],"being":[38],"surpassed":[39],"only":[40,200],"La":[42],"Habana":[43],"and":[44,51,70,121,191,208,247,258,304],"Lima":[45],"(Callao).'":[46],"Even":[47],"more":[48,215],"than":[49,217],"Portobelo":[50],"Panama,":[52],"it":[53,120,218],"was":[54,86,157,183],"defensive":[56],"key":[57],"to":[58,69,119,130],"trade":[60],"with":[61,91],"western":[62],"South":[63,111],"America.":[64],"This":[65],"commerce":[66],"still":[67],"traveled":[68],"from":[71,221],"Pacific":[73],"largely":[74],"way":[76],"isthmus,":[79],"though":[80],"old":[82],"galeones":[83],"fleet":[84],"which":[85],"its":[87],"former":[88],"sole":[89],"link":[90],"Spain,":[92],"now":[94],"dropped":[95],"importance.2":[97],"With":[98],"creation":[100],"Peruvian":[103,224],"viceroyalty":[104,162],"1542,":[106],"part":[108],"northern":[110],"America":[112],"called":[113],"New":[114,155],"Granada":[115,156],"became":[116],"loosely":[117],"appended":[118],"remained":[122],"connected":[123],"for":[124,186],"nearly":[125],"two":[126],"hundred":[127],"years.":[128],"Then,":[129],"remedy":[131],"chaotic":[133],"situation":[134],"caused":[135],"deposition":[138],"colonial":[140],"president,":[141],"Francisco":[142,249,316],"Meneses":[143],"Bravo,":[144],"audiencia":[147],"Santa":[149,237,240],"Fe":[150],"Bogota6":[152],"1715,3":[154],"as":[159],"separate":[161],"May":[164],"27,":[165],"1717.":[166,363],"Just":[167],"at":[168,226,265],"that":[169],"time,":[170],"moreover,":[171],"government":[174],"Philip":[176],"V,":[177],"dominated":[178],"Abbot":[180],"Giulio":[181],"Alberoni,":[182],"preparing":[184],"operations":[185],"recovery":[188],"Sardinia":[190],"Sicily.4":[192],"thus":[194],"faced":[195],"another":[196],"general":[197],"European":[198],"war":[199],"four":[201],"years":[202],"after":[203],"Treaty":[205],"Utrecht,":[207],"she":[209],"thought":[210],"Caribbean":[212],"coast":[213],"needed.":[214],"protection":[216],"could":[219],"receive":[220],"distant":[223],"viceroy":[225],"Lima.":[227],"The":[228,259],"political":[230],"unit":[231],"consisted":[232],"provinces":[235],"Fe,":[238],"Cartagena,":[239],"Marta,":[241],"Maracaibo,":[242],"Caracas,":[243],"Antioquia,":[244],"Guayana,":[245],"Popayan,":[246],"San":[248],"Quito,":[251],"or":[252],"modernl":[254],"terms":[255],"Colombia,":[256,329],"Venezuela,":[257],"author":[260],"is":[261],"professor":[262],"history":[264],"University":[267],"Illiiiois.":[269],"1":[270],"Cristobal":[271],"Bernvddez":[272],"Plata,":[273],"Discursos":[274],"leicdos":[275],"ante":[276],"la":[277,348],"Real":[278],"Academia":[279],"Sevillana":[280],"Buenas":[282],"Letras":[283],"por":[284],"los":[285],"Seniores":[286],"Don":[287,292],"Crist6bal":[288],"Bermiidez":[289],"Plata":[290],"y":[291,319,326,339,344],"Celestino":[293],"Lopez":[294],"Martinez":[295],"(Sevilla,":[296],"1931),":[297],"p.":[298,313],"35.":[299],"2":[300],"Richard":[301],"Pares,":[302],"War":[303],"Trade":[305],"West":[308],"Indies,":[309],"1739-1763":[310],"(Oxford,":[311],"1936),":[312],"5.":[314],"3":[315],"Javier":[317],"Vergara":[318],"Velasco,":[320],"Capitutlos":[321],"itna":[323],"historia":[324,349],"civil":[325],"militar":[327],"3d.":[330],"ser.":[331],"(Bogota,":[332],"1908),":[333],"pp.":[334],"65-77.":[335],"4":[336],"Antonio":[337],"Ballesteros":[338],"Beretta,":[340],"Historia":[341],"Espaina":[343],"si":[345],"influencia":[346],"en":[347],"universal,":[350],"V":[351],"(Barcelona,":[352],"1929),":[353],"51-59.":[354],"Alberoni":[355],"did":[356],"not":[357],"cardinal":[360],"until":[361],"July,":[362]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
