{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2332869694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","title":"QAM and PSK OFDM RoFSO Over $M$ -Turbulence Induced Fading Channels","display_name":"QAM and PSK OFDM RoFSO Over $M$ -Turbulence Induced Fading Channels","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2332869694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","mag":"2332869694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/6998952/06987231.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72499069","display_name":"IEEE photonics journal","issn_l":"1943-0647","issn":["1943-0647","1943-0655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/6998952/06987231.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035617385","display_name":"Hector E. Nistazakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9301-0691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9301-0691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. E. Nistazakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Computers, Telecommunications and Control, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Computers, Telecommunications and Control, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032389748","display_name":"Argyris N. Stassinakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-0599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-0599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. N. Stassinakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Computers, Telecommunications and Control, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Computers, Telecommunications and Control, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045596352","display_name":"Harilaos G. Sandalidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3975-3785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3975-3785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. G. Sandalidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086296185","display_name":"G.S. Tombras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1018-1592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1018-1592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. S. Tombras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Computers, Telecommunications and Control, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Computers, Telecommunications and Control, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":3.0811,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91703229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ofdm","display_name":"OFDM","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaga-distribution","display_name":"M\u00e1laga distribution","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-turbulence","display_name":"atmospheric turbulence","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"phase-shift keying","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/average-bit-error-rate","display_name":"average bit error rate","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outage-probability","display_name":"outage probability","score":0.9549999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6040707230567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.5507718324661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5448647737503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5248527526855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.4869190454483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44793686270713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.41614145040512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40322214365005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37121880054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3411824107170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2271333634853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21503007411956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.21069541573524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/6998952/06987231.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72499069","display_name":"IEEE photonics journal","issn_l":"1943-0647","issn":["1943-0647","1943-0655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:95ac0fbd37c043249ab9f0fc2925bb82","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/95ac0fbd37c043249ab9f0fc2925bb82","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uth.gr:11615/31409","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11615/31409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400243","display_name":"University of Thessaly Institutional Repository (University of Thessaly)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","host_organization_name":"University of Thessaly","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Photonics Journal","raw_type":"journalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2014.2381670","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/6998952/06987231.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72499069","display_name":"IEEE photonics journal","issn_l":"1943-0647","issn":["1943-0647","1943-0655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2332869694.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2332869694.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26600685","https://openalex.org/W588628281","https://openalex.org/W1491247725","https://openalex.org/W1967280221","https://openalex.org/W2014358292","https://openalex.org/W2027550901","https://openalex.org/W2071661590","https://openalex.org/W2072968005","https://openalex.org/W2073140819","https://openalex.org/W2103489516","https://openalex.org/W2108920043","https://openalex.org/W2109753216","https://openalex.org/W2119637598","https://openalex.org/W2123068486","https://openalex.org/W2139794367","https://openalex.org/W2139922927","https://openalex.org/W2145845226","https://openalex.org/W2170466379","https://openalex.org/W2181611200","https://openalex.org/W2537671743","https://openalex.org/W3128611524","https://openalex.org/W6728524633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807948809","https://openalex.org/W2072968005","https://openalex.org/W3212995827","https://openalex.org/W2602455160","https://openalex.org/W2891805988","https://openalex.org/W2921309307","https://openalex.org/W2027550901","https://openalex.org/W2354186671","https://openalex.org/W7214643552","https://openalex.org/W1991853977"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Free-Space":[0],"Optical":[1],"(FSO)":[2],"technology":[3],"can":[4],"effectively":[5],"transfer":[6],"multiple":[7],"radio-frequency":[8],"signals,":[9],"and":[10,48,56,121,132],"this":[11],"new":[12],"technique":[13],"is":[14,59],"commonly":[15],"referred":[16],"in":[17,100],"the":[18,27,32,39,57,62,71,101,115,122,139,142],"technical":[19],"literature":[20],"as":[21,83],"radio":[22],"on":[23],"FSO":[24,102],"(RoFSO).":[25],"In":[26],"present":[28],"study,":[29],"we":[30],"investigate":[31],"evaluation":[33],"of":[34,110,124,141],"an":[35],"RoFSO":[36],"scenario":[37],"employing":[38],"orthogonal":[40],"frequency-division":[41],"multiplexing":[42],"scheme.":[43],"Both":[44],"phase":[45],"shift":[46],"keying":[47],"quadrature":[49],"amplitude":[50],"modulation":[51],"(QAM)":[52],"formats":[53],"are":[54,129],"considered,":[55],"performance":[58],"investigated":[60],"over":[61],"weak":[63],"to":[64,137],"strong":[65],"atmospheric":[66],"turbulence":[67],"regime":[68],"characterized":[69],"by":[70,97],"recently":[72],"launched":[73],"M\u00e1laga":[74],"or$M$-distribution":[75],"probability":[76,123],"density":[77],"function":[78],"(pdf).":[79],"This":[80],"pdf":[81],"acts":[82],"a":[84],"unifying":[85],"statistical":[86],"model,":[87],"which":[88],"incorporates":[89],"several":[90],"common":[91],"irradiance":[92],"scintillation":[93],"distributions":[94],"extensively":[95],"used":[96],"researchers":[98],"working":[99],"area.":[103],"We":[104],"particularly":[105],"obtain":[106],"useful":[107],"mathematical":[108],"expressions":[109],"some":[111],"critical":[112],"metrics,":[113],"i.e.,":[114],"average":[116],"bit":[117],"error":[118],"rate":[119],"(BER)":[120],"outage.":[125],"Proper":[126],"numerical":[127],"results":[128],"also":[130],"provided":[131],"depicted":[133],"using":[134],"suitable":[135],"graphs":[136],"verify":[138],"accuracy":[140],"derived":[143],"expressions.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
