{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2332531713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002224376500200112","title":"Measurement of Corporate Images by the Semantic Differential","display_name":"Measurement of Corporate Images by the Semantic Differential","publication_year":1965,"publication_date":"1965-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2332531713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002224376500200112","mag":"2332531713"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002224376500200112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002224376500200112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002224376500200112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119950638","display_name":"Journal of Marketing Research","issn_l":"0022-2437","issn":["0022-2437","1547-7193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marketing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057816258","display_name":"Theodore Clevenger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore Clevenger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026947862","display_name":"Gilbert A. Lazier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert A. Lazier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Illinois University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Illinois University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063206141","display_name":"Margaret Leitner Clark","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Leitner Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunter College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunter College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35833333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"80","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12738","display_name":"Corporate Identity and Reputation","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12738","display_name":"Corporate Identity and Reputation","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10145","display_name":"Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-image","display_name":"corporate image","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-differential","display_name":"semantic differential","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-based-measurement","display_name":"image-based measurement","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-perception","display_name":"consumer perception","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housewives","display_name":"housewives","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-differences-in-perception","display_name":"demographic differences in perception","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-structure","display_name":"factor structure","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43020497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662954","display_name":"Semantic differential","level":2,"score":0.8823716640472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.7455735206604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.6038802862167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.5740151405334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4259582459926605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019921246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104853310","display_name":"Differential effects","level":2,"score":0.4111330509185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3909035623073578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22382360696792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20555847883224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13061663508415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09718465805053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07957932353019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.056306272745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002224376500200112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002224376500200112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002224376500200112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119950638","display_name":"Journal of Marketing Research","issn_l":"0022-2437","issn":["0022-2437","1547-7193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marketing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/3149342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3149342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3149342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119950638","display_name":"Journal of Marketing Research","issn_l":"0022-2437","issn":["0022-2437","1547-7193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marketing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069736034","https://openalex.org/W2085311545","https://openalex.org/W2094634431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2320243862","https://openalex.org/W2766201660","https://openalex.org/W2312194640","https://openalex.org/W1970430619","https://openalex.org/W4415527407","https://openalex.org/W1606367174","https://openalex.org/W2571263597","https://openalex.org/W2320173714","https://openalex.org/W7017331636","https://openalex.org/W164968143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u27a4A":[0],"semantic":[1],"differential":[2,33],"applied":[3],"to":[4,13],"the":[5,28,32,35,40],"images":[6],"of":[7,16,22,31,43],"two":[8,36,41],"prominent":[9],"corporations":[10,37],"was":[11],"administered":[12],"a":[14,20],"group":[15,21],"university":[17],"students":[18],"and":[19,38],"metropolitan":[23],"housewives.":[24],"Comparisons":[25],"revealed":[26],"that":[27],"factor":[29],"patterns":[30],"for":[34,39],"groups":[42],"subjects":[44],"were":[45],"quite":[46],"similar.":[47]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
