{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2332380937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.029","title":"Choosing between what you want now and what you want most: Self-control explains academic achievement beyond cognitive ability","display_name":"Choosing between what you want now and what you want most: Self-control explains academic achievement beyond cognitive ability","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2332380937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.029","mag":"2332380937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151331055","display_name":"Personality and Individual Differences","issn_l":"0191-8869","issn":["0191-8869","1873-3549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Individual Differences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016857737","display_name":"Matthias J. Stadler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8241-8723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8241-8723"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Stadler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8241-8723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062916013","display_name":"Miriam Aust","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miriam Aust","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055966933","display_name":"Nicolas Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-374X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-374X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saarland University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saarland University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082304475","display_name":"Christoph Niepel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-7901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-7901"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Niepel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006173637","display_name":"Samuel Greiff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-3734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-3734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Greiff","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016857737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":{"value":4170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4170},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95366848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":null,"first_page":"168","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13542","display_name":"Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13542","display_name":"Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-control","display_name":"self-control","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-ability","display_name":"cognitive ability","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grade-point-average","display_name":"grade point average","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-success","display_name":"student success","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brief-self-control-scale","display_name":"Brief Self-Control Scale","score":0.7459999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8178701400756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.6997115015983582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6706234216690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.637970507144928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6150016188621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5538734197616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.512292742729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32362775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1405524","display_name":"Self-control","level":2,"score":0.5082249641418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4631566107273102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4154052734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.363484263420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3289012908935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151331055","display_name":"Personality and Individual Differences","issn_l":"0191-8869","issn":["0191-8869","1873-3549"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Individual Differences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/26538","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/26538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 168-172 (2016)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157443930","https://openalex.org/W370839117","https://openalex.org/W1557941956","https://openalex.org/W1580118833","https://openalex.org/W1843883362","https://openalex.org/W1930784771","https://openalex.org/W1964770077","https://openalex.org/W1968295086","https://openalex.org/W1968530262","https://openalex.org/W1972565487","https://openalex.org/W1977835193","https://openalex.org/W1992407265","https://openalex.org/W1997312720","https://openalex.org/W2006390961","https://openalex.org/W2018228458","https://openalex.org/W2044477342","https://openalex.org/W2056606926","https://openalex.org/W2058362203","https://openalex.org/W2061228286","https://openalex.org/W2067476614","https://openalex.org/W2077057247","https://openalex.org/W2083614944","https://openalex.org/W2085876742","https://openalex.org/W2088724107","https://openalex.org/W2090112519","https://openalex.org/W2099402514","https://openalex.org/W2101767795","https://openalex.org/W2105029950","https://openalex.org/W2108897328","https://openalex.org/W2114676677","https://openalex.org/W2126017798","https://openalex.org/W2131730780","https://openalex.org/W2133670945","https://openalex.org/W2134077691","https://openalex.org/W2135839218","https://openalex.org/W2137739415","https://openalex.org/W2152831629","https://openalex.org/W2162213566","https://openalex.org/W2164030952","https://openalex.org/W3100952199","https://openalex.org/W4210355875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6962622475","https://openalex.org/W2907927286","https://openalex.org/W3026655543","https://openalex.org/W4387896820","https://openalex.org/W6962483632","https://openalex.org/W6885018151","https://openalex.org/W2051578829","https://openalex.org/W1859905214","https://openalex.org/W2145755488","https://openalex.org/W7221275256"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}