{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2332371037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3684756","title":"A Brave New Language: Orwell's Invention of \"Newspeak\" in 1984","display_name":"A Brave New Language: Orwell's Invention of \"Newspeak\" in 1984","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2332371037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3684756","mag":"2332371037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3684756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3684756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3684756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145074920","display_name":"SubStance","issn_l":"0049-2426","issn":["0049-2426","1527-2095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315918","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315918","https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin Press","University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SubStance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112837164","display_name":"Jean-Jacques Courtine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Jacques Courtine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000367692","display_name":"Laura Willett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Willett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51586341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12507","display_name":"Utopian, Dystopian, and Speculative Fiction","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12507","display_name":"Utopian, Dystopian, and Speculative Fiction","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13174","display_name":"American and British Literature Analysis","score":0.03709999844431877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12974","display_name":"Modernist Literature and Criticism","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newspeak","display_name":"Newspeak","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/george-orwell","display_name":"George Orwell","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-purism","display_name":"linguistic purism","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-and-thought","display_name":"language and thought","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/totalitarianism","display_name":"totalitarianism","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-brother","display_name":"Big Brother","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-and-language","display_name":"language and memory","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-language","display_name":"political language","score":0.34299999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136815107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154242","display_name":"Nothing","level":2,"score":0.5704860687255859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.5176458954811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15553842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132603","display_name":"Proletariat","level":3,"score":0.5063053369522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.44016724824905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23987474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40634","display_name":"Philology","level":3,"score":0.4351484477519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.4308183789253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.36523157358169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3491705060005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3491423428058624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.34434008598327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3396746814250946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.21852847933769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17963075637817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1368456482887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777688943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3092681","display_name":"Feminism","level":2,"score":0.11701631546020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3684756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3684756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3684756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145074920","display_name":"SubStance","issn_l":"0049-2426","issn":["0049-2426","1527-2095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315918","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315918","https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin Press","University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SubStance","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250796136","https://openalex.org/W4285134531","https://openalex.org/W140166947","https://openalex.org/W4200048954","https://openalex.org/W2072896659","https://openalex.org/W4255709273","https://openalex.org/W4239153648","https://openalex.org/W4405477937","https://openalex.org/W2783510384","https://openalex.org/W7216990346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unfortunately,":[0],"we're":[1],"not":[2,15,216],"there":[3],"yet.":[4],"We're":[5],"only":[6],"in":[7,49,96],"the":[8,26,33,66,70,73,76,81,144,147,149,153,173,185,210,213,220],"year":[9],"1986,":[10],"and":[11,60,106,118,138,157,166],"our":[12],"Revolution":[13,174],"has":[14],"yet":[16],"been":[17,161],"completed.":[18],"Our":[19,42],"final":[20],"Revolution,":[21],"as":[22],"Zamiatine":[23],"would":[24,222],"say,":[25],"one":[27,198],"which":[28,97,191],"will":[29,39,99,140,168,175,181,199],"lead":[30],"us":[31],"to":[32,88,195,202,204,206],"ideal":[34],"state":[35],"where":[36],"nothing":[37],"else":[38],"ever":[40,182],"happen.":[41],"society":[43],"is":[44,104,136],"still":[45],"at":[46],"a":[47,78,114,128,188],"stage":[48],"its":[50],"history":[51],"when":[52,56],"linguistic":[53,132],"difference":[54],"exists,":[55],"Oldspeak,":[57],"an":[58],"everyday":[59],"ordinary":[61],"language,":[62,80,123,187],"coexists":[63],"with":[64],"Newspeak,":[65],"official":[67],"language":[68,90,190],"of":[69,72,75,83,92,116,122,131,146,152],"Party,":[71],"government":[74],"people,":[77],"perfect":[79],"best":[82],"languages.":[84],"The":[85],"road":[86],"leading":[87],"this":[89],"purified":[91],"all":[93],"heretical":[94],"thought,":[95],"thought-crime":[98],"be":[100,176,200],"quite":[101],"simply":[102],"unthinkable,":[103],"long":[105],"rough.":[107],"But,":[108],"inspired":[109],"by":[110],"Big":[111],"Brother's":[112],"doctrine,":[113],"cohort":[115],"anonymous":[117],"tenacious":[119],"linguists,":[120],"champions":[121],"are":[124,215],"laboring":[125],"relentlessly":[126],"on":[127],"gigantic":[129],"project":[130],"purification.":[133],"Their":[134],"devotion":[135],"admirable,":[137],"they":[139],"more":[141],"than":[142],"fulfill":[143],"objectives":[145],"project,":[148],"tenth":[150],"edition":[151],"Newspeak":[154],"dictionary.":[155],"Shakespeare":[156],"Milton":[158],"have":[159],"already":[160],"translated;":[162],"Swift,":[163],"Byron,":[164],"Dickens,":[165],"others":[167],"soon":[169],"follow.":[170],"And":[171],"then":[172],"complete:":[177],"no":[178],"human":[179,217],"being":[180],"again":[183],"understand":[184],"old":[186],"dead":[189],"dooms":[192],"man's":[193],"memory":[194],"oblivion.":[196],"No":[197],"left":[201],"speak,":[203],"write,":[205],"remember":[207],"...":[208],"except":[209],"proletarians.":[211],"But":[212],"proles":[214],"beings,":[218],"Syme,":[219],"philologist,":[221],"add.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}