{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2331946152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1532440012451154","title":"Two Distinct Concepts: Party Competition in Government and Electoral Competition in the American States","display_name":"Two Distinct Concepts: Party Competition in Government and Electoral Competition in the American States","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2331946152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1532440012451154","mag":"2331946152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1532440012451154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1532440012451154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1532440012451154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148921865","display_name":"State Politics & Policy Quarterly","issn_l":"1532-4400","issn":["1532-4400","1946-1607"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"State Politics & Policy Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016887465","display_name":"Gregory Shufeldt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-0140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-0140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Shufeldt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036892750","display_name":"Patrick Flavin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-7189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-7189"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157394403","display_name":"Baylor University","ror":"https://ror.org/005781934","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Flavin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016887465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5639,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97489413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"330","last_page":"342"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13721","display_name":"Political Science Research and Education","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-competition","display_name":"party competition","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-competition","display_name":"electoral competition","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-legislatures","display_name":"state legislatures","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parliamentary-elections","display_name":"parliamentary elections","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gubernatorial-elections","display_name":"gubernatorial elections","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-measurement","display_name":"concept measurement","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-government","display_name":"state government","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-states","display_name":"United States states","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.8315351009368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7998685836791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6495139002799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5564313530921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5551773309707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5344972014427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.45471876859664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39574384689331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3879901170730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.320283979177475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14471808075904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1033986508846283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1532440012451154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1532440012451154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1532440012451154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148921865","display_name":"State Politics & Policy Quarterly","issn_l":"1532-4400","issn":["1532-4400","1946-1607"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"State Politics & Policy Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.666700005531311}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967512880","https://openalex.org/W1972228073","https://openalex.org/W1986004541","https://openalex.org/W2033144777","https://openalex.org/W2038575234","https://openalex.org/W2040898367","https://openalex.org/W2058659785","https://openalex.org/W2078646629","https://openalex.org/W2105532120","https://openalex.org/W2106643525","https://openalex.org/W2161272134","https://openalex.org/W2167257760","https://openalex.org/W2313769840","https://openalex.org/W2313989183","https://openalex.org/W2316080317","https://openalex.org/W2316856170","https://openalex.org/W2322291198","https://openalex.org/W2327579979","https://openalex.org/W2329011300","https://openalex.org/W2331545579","https://openalex.org/W4205827083","https://openalex.org/W4250913463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1752348330","https://openalex.org/W1500230847","https://openalex.org/W2329011300","https://openalex.org/W2039171582","https://openalex.org/W2044890950","https://openalex.org/W2106643525","https://openalex.org/W2155949730","https://openalex.org/W7097354885","https://openalex.org/W2319024245","https://openalex.org/W2336145194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"American":[1],"state":[2,16,29,42,96],"politics":[3],"scholars":[4,190],"have":[5],"generally":[6],"relied":[7],"on":[8,95],"Ranney's":[9],"measure":[10,36,56,196],"of":[11,15,28,37,40,49,75,112,186,197],"the":[12,38,47,76,109,132,135,142,147,154],"partisan":[13,98],"composition":[14],"legislatures":[17],"and":[18,31,33,58,100,156,180],"governors'":[19],"offices":[20],"to":[21,45,70,103,116,193],"evaluate":[22,46],"competition":[23,51,113,198],"between":[24,134],"parties":[25],"for":[26,177,189],"control":[27],"government,":[30],"Holbrook":[32],"Van":[34],"Dunk's":[35],"competitiveness":[39],"individual":[41],"legislative":[43,97],"elections":[44],"degree":[48],"electoral":[50],"in":[52,153,199],"a":[53,118,184,195],"state.":[54],"Both":[55],"\u201ccompetition\u201d":[57],"were":[59,150],"previously":[60],"correlated":[61,152],"with":[62],"one":[63,174],"another,":[64],"so":[65],"researchers":[66],"might":[67,163],"be":[68,81],"tempted":[69],"consider":[71],"them":[72],"two":[73,88,110,136,148],"measures":[74,111,137,149],"same":[77],"concept.":[78],"This":[79],"would":[80],"mistaken,":[82],"however,":[83],"because":[84],"they":[85,158,166],"are":[86,159,167],"measuring":[87],"distinct":[89],"concepts.":[90],"We":[91,129,172],"use":[92],"new":[93],"data":[94],"balance":[99],"election":[101],"returns":[102],"compute":[104],"(and":[105],"make":[106],"publicly":[107],"available)":[108],"from":[114],"1970":[115],"2003,":[117],"time":[119],"span":[120],"that":[121,131],"is":[122],"significantly":[123],"longer":[124],"than":[125],"any":[126],"previous":[127],"study.":[128],"show":[130],"relationship":[133],"has":[138],"drastically":[139],"changed":[140],"over":[141],"last":[143],"30":[144],"years.":[145],"Although":[146],"positively":[151],"1970s":[155],"1980s,":[157],"now":[160],"(as":[161],"we":[162],"expect,":[164],"given":[165],"different":[168],"concepts)":[169],"negatively":[170],"correlated.":[171],"investigate":[173],"possible":[175],"explanation":[176],"this":[178],"change":[179],"conclude":[181],"by":[182],"discussing":[183],"set":[185],"practical":[187],"recommendations":[188],"who":[191],"plan":[192],"incorporate":[194],"future":[200],"studies.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}