{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2331569578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","title":"VISUALIZING MULTIVARIATE SELECTION","display_name":"VISUALIZING MULTIVARIATE SELECTION","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2331569578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","mag":"2331569578","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28564514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87560609","display_name":"Evolution","issn_l":"0014-3820","issn":["0014-3820","1558-5646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2331569578"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033185211","display_name":"Patrick C. Phillips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7271-342X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7271-342X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-1527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick C. Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Committee on Evolutionary Biology and Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 915 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Committee on Evolutionary Biology and Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 915 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039594885","display_name":"Stevan J. Arnold","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stevan J. Arnold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Committee on Evolutionary Biology and Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 915 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Committee on Evolutionary Biology and Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 915 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":{"value":3214,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3214},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2557,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":582,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97282116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"6","first_page":"1209","last_page":"1209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.47049999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.47049999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.3407999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12417","display_name":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","score":0.1412000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canonical-analysis","display_name":"canonical analysis","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-selection","display_name":"directional selection","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stabilizing-selection","display_name":"stabilizing selection","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disruptive-selection","display_name":"diversifying selection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-selection","display_name":"nonlinear selection","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-genetics","display_name":"quantitative genetics","score":0.7689999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.8455104827880859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.7592754364013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6709113121032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90032942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764759","display_name":"Directional selection","level":4,"score":0.5330186486244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75268714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural selection","level":3,"score":0.5320713520050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46097333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591877","display_name":"Disruptive selection","level":4,"score":0.5276528596878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2262138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4529558","display_name":"Stabilizing selection","level":4,"score":0.4731242060661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.4555285573005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4103080928325653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3621940314769745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2823737561702728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25323015451431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87560609","display_name":"Evolution","issn_l":"0014-3820","issn":["0014-3820","1558-5646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/2409357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2409357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2409357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87560609","display_name":"Evolution","issn_l":"0014-3820","issn":["0014-3820","1558-5646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28564514","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28564514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolution; international journal of organic evolution","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87560609","display_name":"Evolution","issn_l":"0014-3820","issn":["0014-3820","1558-5646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G223422491","display_name":"GENETICS AND ECOLOGY OF MATERNAL THERMOREGULATION","funder_award_id":"R01GM035492","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8818637437","display_name":"Collaborative Research on the Evolution of Ethological      Isolation","funder_award_id":"8506766","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2331569578.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2331569578.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123584386","https://openalex.org/W178757144","https://openalex.org/W384841532","https://openalex.org/W1504663309","https://openalex.org/W1545399860","https://openalex.org/W1559297452","https://openalex.org/W1897869592","https://openalex.org/W1931969146","https://openalex.org/W1965191844","https://openalex.org/W1966206981","https://openalex.org/W1971465187","https://openalex.org/W1978697143","https://openalex.org/W1983274359","https://openalex.org/W2000836282","https://openalex.org/W2005825070","https://openalex.org/W2022480405","https://openalex.org/W2022492129","https://openalex.org/W2029727766","https://openalex.org/W2051004220","https://openalex.org/W2053994567","https://openalex.org/W2058349679","https://openalex.org/W2063429008","https://openalex.org/W2068431768","https://openalex.org/W2073690665","https://openalex.org/W2078923444","https://openalex.org/W2088577037","https://openalex.org/W2103307438","https://openalex.org/W2118056266","https://openalex.org/W2141088880","https://openalex.org/W2321231504","https://openalex.org/W2322715144","https://openalex.org/W2323460756","https://openalex.org/W2325211568","https://openalex.org/W2326499566","https://openalex.org/W2331030820","https://openalex.org/W2332637179","https://openalex.org/W2334023846","https://openalex.org/W2335268614","https://openalex.org/W2503909506","https://openalex.org/W2575306271","https://openalex.org/W2595248631","https://openalex.org/W4242186041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384940792","https://openalex.org/W2096575928","https://openalex.org/W139749240","https://openalex.org/W2889796390","https://openalex.org/W7096347422","https://openalex.org/W4384940790","https://openalex.org/W2039013993","https://openalex.org/W2992861128","https://openalex.org/W2318818136","https://openalex.org/W2019822290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"developments":[1],"in":[2,109],"quantitative-genetic":[3],"theory":[4],"have":[5],"shown":[6],"that":[7,51,144],"natural":[8],"selection":[9,50,65,95,105,113,141,145,163],"can":[10,23,52,66,83,107,116],"be":[11,24,53,67,84,147],"viewed":[12],"as":[13,32,121,164],"the":[14,40,46,61,70,73,88,110,123,127],"multivariate":[15,64],"relationship":[16,22],"between":[17,42],"fitness":[18,31],"and":[19,45,58,115,139,142,156,161],"phenotype.":[20],"This":[21],"described":[25],"by":[26,55,91],"a":[27,33,92,98,101],"multidimensional":[28],"surface":[29,44,89],"depicting":[30],"function":[34],"of":[35,48,63,72,75,94,104,112,126,136,167],"phenotypic":[36,49],"traits.":[37],"We":[38],"examine":[39],"connection":[41],"this":[43,81],"coefficients":[47],"estimated":[54],"multiple":[56],"regression":[57],"show":[59],"how":[60],"interpretation":[62],"facilitated":[68],"through":[69],"use":[71],"method":[74],"canonical":[76],"analysis.":[77],"The":[78],"results":[79],"from":[80],"analysis":[82],"used":[85],"to":[86,122],"visualize":[87],"implied":[90],"set":[93],"coefficients.":[96],"Such":[97],"visualization":[99],"provides":[100],"compact":[102],"summary":[103],"coefficients,":[106],"aid":[108],"comparison":[111],"surfaces,":[114],"help":[117],"generate":[118],"testable":[119],"hypotheses":[120],"adaptive":[124],"significance":[125],"traits":[128],"under":[129],"study.":[130],"Further,":[131],"we":[132],"discuss":[133],"traditional":[134],"definitions":[135],"directional,":[137],"stabilizing,":[138],"disruptive":[140,162],"conclude":[143],"may":[146],"more":[148],"usefully":[149],"classified":[150],"into":[151],"two":[152],"general":[153],"modes,":[154],"directional":[155],"nonlinear":[157,168],"selection,":[158],"with":[159],"stabilizing":[160],"special":[165],"cases":[166],"selection.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
