{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2331510236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3038014","title":"Measurement of Solar Radiation Under Forest Canopies by Use of Chlorophyll Extracts","display_name":"Measurement of Solar Radiation Under Forest Canopies by Use of Chlorophyll Extracts","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2331510236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3038014","mag":"2331510236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3038014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3038014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3038014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138151673","display_name":"Journal of Biogeography","issn_l":"0305-0270","issn":["0305-0270","1365-2699"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biogeography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040843236","display_name":"Frederick R. Swan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick R. Swan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113719034","display_name":"Helmut Lieth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helmut Lieth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4830,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4830},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"237","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.492900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.492900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.12729999423027039,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12870","display_name":"Seedling growth and survival studies","score":0.09369999915361404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-radiation-measurement","display_name":"solar radiation measurement","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-canopy","display_name":"forest canopy","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-ether-extraction","display_name":"petroleum ether extraction","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-transmittance","display_name":"optical transmittance","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seedling-distribution","display_name":"seedling distribution","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-maple","display_name":"Acer rubrum","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-area","display_name":"basal area","score":0.35899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4939132332801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.46016499400138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.45905765891075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44388195872306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.34457072615623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3350146412849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2467658519744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16761735081672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08552137017250061}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3038014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3038014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3038014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138151673","display_name":"Journal of Biogeography","issn_l":"0305-0270","issn":["0305-0270","1365-2699"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biogeography","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.5055999755859375}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570277104","https://openalex.org/W1981716084","https://openalex.org/W1997464388","https://openalex.org/W1998113980","https://openalex.org/W2008116984","https://openalex.org/W2011525860","https://openalex.org/W2047828063","https://openalex.org/W2051537526","https://openalex.org/W2053415661","https://openalex.org/W2067762903","https://openalex.org/W2069909093","https://openalex.org/W2076645943","https://openalex.org/W2077975302","https://openalex.org/W2097735277","https://openalex.org/W2118553097","https://openalex.org/W2134176814","https://openalex.org/W2217212961","https://openalex.org/W2321567845","https://openalex.org/W2323070964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076645943","https://openalex.org/W2069909093","https://openalex.org/W2053145514","https://openalex.org/W4414911010","https://openalex.org/W2892117367","https://openalex.org/W2059524273","https://openalex.org/W2020940315","https://openalex.org/W1995141299","https://openalex.org/W7048984829","https://openalex.org/W2281437832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35,182],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,10,12,18,37,43,46,74,107,125,134,167,185,200,223,232],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,94,129,143,193],"to":[6,53,239],"determine":[7],"the":[8,16,57,108,126,135,138,151,161,174,179,190,201,246],"reproducibility":[9],"measurements":[11,45,73],"solar":[13,47],"radiation":[14,48],"by":[15,120],"degradation":[17],"petroleum":[19],"ether-chlorophyll":[20],"extracts":[21,38,60,110],"under":[22,208,220],"oak":[23,127,139,162,180],"and":[24,67,111,164,226],"pine":[25,136,152,175,191,209,247],"canopies":[26,211],"at":[27,49,104,206,218],"100":[28],"evenly":[29],"spaced":[30],"points":[31,207,219],"over":[32,77,98],"5":[33],"days.":[34],"use":[36],"permitted":[39],"a":[40,78,95],"large":[41,227],"number":[42],"simultaneous":[44,72],"different":[50],"heights":[51],"up":[52],"4-5":[54],"m":[55],"above":[56],"ground.":[58],"Chlorophyll":[59],"were":[61,154,169,213],"judged":[62],"more":[63],"practical":[64],"than":[65,132,158,216],"solarimeters":[66],"pyranometers":[68],"in":[69,80,86,102,115,150,160,173,178,189,237,245],"giving":[70,87],"inexpensive":[71],"light":[75,113,148,187,204,240],"sums":[76,114,149,188,205],"day":[79],"natural":[81],"vegetation,":[82],"but":[83],"less":[84,131],"effective":[85],"reproducible":[88],"results.":[89],"On":[90,198],"each":[91],"day,":[92],"there":[93],"linear":[96],"relationship":[97],"time":[99],"between":[100],"changes":[101],"absorbance":[103],"660":[105],"nm":[106],"chlorophyll":[109],"cumulative":[112],"g":[116],"cal/cm2":[117],"as":[118,171,177],"measured":[119],"an":[121],"Eppley":[122],"pyrheliometer.":[123],"Transmittance":[124],"stand":[128,153,176,192],"590%":[130],"that":[133],"stand;":[137],"stand's":[140],"basal":[141],"area":[142],"150%":[144],"greater.":[145,197],"Daily":[146],"average":[147,183],"33-509":[155],"%":[156],"greater":[157],"those":[159,217],"stand,":[163],"seedlings,":[165],"mostly":[166],"hardwoods,":[168],"twice":[170],"dense":[172],"stand.":[181,248],"range":[184],"daily":[186],"2":[194],"6":[195],"times":[196],"three":[199],"five":[202],"days,":[203],"tree":[210],"alone":[212],"significantly":[214],"higher":[215],"other":[221],"combinations":[222],"tree,":[224],"sapling,":[225],"seedling":[228],"canopies.":[229],"All":[230],"species":[231],"seedlings":[233],"showed":[234],"random":[235],"distribution":[236],"relation":[238],"measurements,":[241],"except":[242],"red":[243],"maple":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}