{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2331340340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j013v13n01_21","title":"Eugenics","display_name":"Eugenics","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2331340340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j013v13n01_21","mag":"2331340340","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3332831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1300/j013v13n01_21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j013v13n01_21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j013v13n01_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83504141","display_name":"Women & Health","issn_l":"0363-0242","issn":["0363-0242","1541-0331"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Women & Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113444004","display_name":"Ruth Hubbard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Hubbard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113444004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93317738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1-2","first_page":"225","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12575","display_name":"Medical History and Research","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12575","display_name":"Medical History and Research","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenics","display_name":"eugenics","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-hygiene","display_name":"racial hygiene","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-sterilization","display_name":"forced sterilization","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-germany","display_name":"Nazi Germany","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-diagnosis","display_name":"prenatal diagnosis","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-testing","display_name":"genetic testing","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability","display_name":"disability","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-choice","display_name":"reproductive choice","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-reproductive-rights","display_name":"women's reproductive rights","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-and-poverty","display_name":"disability and poverty","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-disorders","display_name":"genetic disorders","score":0.38499999046325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140610115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170480","display_name":"Eugenics","level":2,"score":0.9910789728164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148761745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563203","display_name":"Sterilization (economics)","level":4,"score":0.6575141549110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.6236092448234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5616717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310","display_name":"Nazism","level":3,"score":0.47981810569763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4774927794933319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4188840091228485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41192013025283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4083675444126129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3986044228076935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.35962504148483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10976436734199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100","display_name":"Exchange rate","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536366893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66076","display_name":"Foreign exchange market","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001294","descriptor_name":"Attitude to Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005053","descriptor_name":"Eugenics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011056","descriptor_name":"Political Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011296","descriptor_name":"Prenatal Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1300/j013v13n01_21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j013v13n01_21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j013v13n01_21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83504141","display_name":"Women & Health","issn_l":"0363-0242","issn":["0363-0242","1541-0331"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Women & Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3332831","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3332831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Women & health","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.766700029373169,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.7390999794006348,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971855437","https://openalex.org/W2042749594","https://openalex.org/W2137265838","https://openalex.org/W3201751430","https://openalex.org/W2899942321","https://openalex.org/W2328654149","https://openalex.org/W1542291735","https://openalex.org/W2806827261","https://openalex.org/W2050517793","https://openalex.org/W2521171783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prejudices":[0],"against":[1],"people":[2,41],"who":[3],"have":[4,7],"noticeable":[5],"disabilities":[6],"resulted":[8],"in":[9,18,53],"needless":[10],"social":[11],"and":[12,66,80,85,93,119,124],"economic":[13],"barriers":[14],"to":[15,33],"their":[16,108],"participation":[17],"society.":[19],"In":[20,48],"Germany":[21],"under":[22],"the":[23,34,38,49,54,56],"Nazis,":[24],"a":[25,116],"movement":[26,58],"for":[27,71,96],"eugenics,":[28],"or":[29,45],"\"racial":[30],"hygiene,\"":[31],"led":[32],"sterilization":[35,61],"and,":[36],"later,":[37],"elimination":[39],"of":[40,74,77,91],"with":[42,122],"particular":[43],"mental":[44],"physical":[46],"disabilities.":[47],"United":[50],"States,":[51],"earlier":[52],"century,":[55],"eugenics":[57],"produced":[59],"compulsory":[60],"laws.":[62],"At":[63],"present,":[64],"physicians":[65],"scientists":[67],"are":[68,87,102],"developing":[69],"techniques":[70],"prenatal":[72,100],"diagnosis":[73],"increasing":[75],"numbers":[76],"inherited":[78],"diseases":[79],"disabilities,":[81],"although":[82],"more":[83],"babies":[84],"children":[86],"needlessly":[88],"disabled":[89],"because":[90],"poverty":[92],"accidents":[94],"than":[95],"genetic":[97],"reasons.":[98],"Such":[99],"tests":[101],"being":[103],"hailed":[104],"as":[105],"progress,":[106],"yet":[107],"availability":[109],"is":[110],"once":[111],"again":[112],"turning":[113],"pregnancy":[114],"into":[115],"medical":[117],"event":[118],"confronts":[120],"women":[121],"decisions":[123],"choices":[125],"that":[126],"can":[127],"be":[128],"extremely":[129],"difficult.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}