{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2330784281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1591857","title":"Tuberculosis in Farmed Rheas (Rhea americana)","display_name":"Tuberculosis in Farmed Rheas (Rhea americana)","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2330784281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1591857","mag":"2330784281","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8002893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1591857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1591857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1591857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68792902","display_name":"Avian Diseases","issn_l":"0005-2086","issn":["0005-2086","1938-4351"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800605","host_organization_name":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800605"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Avian Pathologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Avian Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113478976","display_name":"S. E. Sanford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ernest Sanford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veterinary Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterinary Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077328513","display_name":"A J Rehmtulla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul J. Rehmtulla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103379538","display_name":"Gaylan K. A. Josephson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaylan K. A. Josephson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2995,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59873246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":"193","last_page":"193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11688","display_name":"Microbial infections and disease research","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avian-tuberculosis","display_name":"avian tuberculosis","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhea","display_name":"Rhea","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhea-americana","display_name":"Rhea americana","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-avium-complex","display_name":"Mycobacterium avium complex","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-fast-bacilli","display_name":"acid-fast bacilli","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloidosis","display_name":"amyloidosis","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ratites","display_name":"ratites","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver","display_name":"liver","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spleen","display_name":"spleen","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung","display_name":"lung","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcutaneous-tissue","display_name":"subcutaneous tissue","score":0.6800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8022876381874084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780931953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9371","display_name":"Spleen","level":2,"score":0.7358601093292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.726172924041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776870249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149128","display_name":"Bacilli","level":3,"score":0.648267388343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101077360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3278217","display_name":"Acid-fast","level":4,"score":0.6371601819992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.48504704236984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.47313395142555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780374374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194309","display_name":"Mycobacterium","level":3,"score":0.44541433453559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816798","display_name":"Amyloidosis","level":2,"score":0.4411775469779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.14818423986434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10991290211677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.09948593378067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07684451341629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000822","descriptor_name":"Animal Husbandry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001717","descriptor_name":"Birds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006099","descriptor_name":"Granuloma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006099","descriptor_name":"Granuloma","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008107","descriptor_name":"Liver Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008107","descriptor_name":"Liver Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014379","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Avian","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1591857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1591857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1591857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68792902","display_name":"Avian Diseases","issn_l":"0005-2086","issn":["0005-2086","1938-4351"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800605","host_organization_name":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800605"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Avian Pathologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Avian Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8002893","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8002893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Avian diseases","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Case Report","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W247514862","https://openalex.org/W1986725925","https://openalex.org/W1992210978","https://openalex.org/W2020445742","https://openalex.org/W2023823581","https://openalex.org/W2093022312","https://openalex.org/W2316427376","https://openalex.org/W2317210734","https://openalex.org/W2410163625","https://openalex.org/W2416442002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2189477946","https://openalex.org/W2074027299","https://openalex.org/W3150651354","https://openalex.org/W2141828720","https://openalex.org/W2107599290","https://openalex.org/W4200069087","https://openalex.org/W7025107943","https://openalex.org/W1992210978","https://openalex.org/W3106892575","https://openalex.org/W2178890781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Avian":[0],"tuberculosis":[1],"was":[2,112],"diagnosed":[3],"in":[4,34,40,48,55,91,106],"two":[5],"mature":[6],"rheas":[7,65],"on":[8],"different":[9],"ratite":[10],"farms":[11],"over":[12],"a":[13,115],"2-year":[14],"period.":[15],"Both":[16],"birds":[17],"had":[18,75],"died":[19],"after":[20],"progressively":[21],"losing":[22],"body":[23],"condition.":[24],"Caseonecrotic":[25],"granulomas":[26,38,62,74,120],"were":[27,39,88],"scattered":[28],"throughout":[29],"the":[30,41,49,53,56,73,92,101],"liver":[31,102],"and":[32,46,95,103],"spleen":[33,104],"both":[35,64],"birds.":[36],"Similar":[37],"lung":[42],"of":[43,60,69,85,100],"one":[44,107,123],"bird":[45],"bilaterally":[47],"subcutis":[50],"cranial":[51],"to":[52],"shoulder":[54],"other":[57],"bird.":[58],"Smears":[59],"several":[61],"from":[63,118,122],"revealed":[66],"large":[67],"numbers":[68,84],"acid-fast":[70,86],"bacilli.":[71],"Histologically,":[72],"caseonecrotic,":[76],"non-mineralized":[77],"centers":[78],"surrounded":[79],"by":[80],"giant":[81],"cells.":[82,98],"Large":[83],"bacilli":[87],"seen":[89],"free":[90],"necrotic":[93],"material":[94],"within":[96],"inflammatory":[97],"Amyloidosis":[99],"occurred":[105],"rhea.":[108,124],"Mycobacterium":[109],"avium":[110],"complex":[111],"isolated":[113],"at":[114],"reference":[116],"laboratory":[117],"hepatic":[119],"submitted":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}