{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2330165643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000424527.61940.b3","title":"309","display_name":"309","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2330165643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000424527.61940.b3","mag":"2330165643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000424527.61940.b3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000424527.61940.b3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000424527.61940.b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108732581","display_name":"Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"0090-3493","issn":["0090-3493","1530-0293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036537894","display_name":"Mark R. Rigby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5490-5951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5490-5951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285730425","display_name":"Navicent Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qd1fk85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802740592","display_name":"Riley Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzvbw58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108055","display_name":"Kosair Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xxd6b82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Rigby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","Medical Center of Central Georgia","Rollins School of Public Health","University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center of Central Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018311470","display_name":"Traci L. Leong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-4260","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-4260"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285730425","display_name":"Navicent Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qd1fk85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802740592","display_name":"Riley Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzvbw58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108055","display_name":"Kosair Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xxd6b82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Traci Leong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","Medical Center of Central Georgia","Rollins School of Public Health","University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center of Central Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111636788","display_name":"Catherine M. Preissig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285730425","display_name":"Navicent Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qd1fk85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802740592","display_name":"Riley Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzvbw58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108055","display_name":"Kosair Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xxd6b82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Preissig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","Medical Center of Central Georgia","Rollins School of Public Health","University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center of Central Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Paulette Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285730425","display_name":"Navicent Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qd1fk85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802740592","display_name":"Riley Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzvbw58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108055","display_name":"Kosair Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xxd6b82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulette Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","Medical Center of Central Georgia","Rollins School of Public Health","University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center of Central Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002508142","display_name":"Janice E. Sullivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-1607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-1607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285730425","display_name":"Navicent Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qd1fk85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802740592","display_name":"Riley Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzvbw58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108055","display_name":"Kosair Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xxd6b82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janice Sullivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","Medical Center of Central Georgia","Rollins School of Public Health","University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center of Central Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076192578","display_name":"Alexandre Tellechea Rotta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4406-2276","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4406-2276"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285730425","display_name":"Navicent Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qd1fk85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802740592","display_name":"Riley Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzvbw58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108055","display_name":"Kosair Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xxd6b82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Rotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","Medical Center of Central Georgia","Rollins School of Public Health","University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center of Central Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063387508","display_name":"Christi Rider","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285730425","display_name":"Navicent Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qd1fk85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802740592","display_name":"Riley Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzvbw58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108055","display_name":"Kosair Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xxd6b82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christi Rider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","Medical Center of Central Georgia","Rollins School of Public Health","University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center of Central Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029195806","display_name":"Jennifer L. Morris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-4646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-4646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285730425","display_name":"Navicent Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qd1fk85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802740592","display_name":"Riley Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzvbw58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108055","display_name":"Kosair Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xxd6b82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","Medical Center of Central Georgia","Rollins School of Public Health","University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center of Central Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086018173","display_name":"Mara E. Nitu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-2325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-2325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285730425","display_name":"Navicent Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qd1fk85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802740592","display_name":"Riley Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzvbw58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108055","display_name":"Kosair Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xxd6b82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mara Nitu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","Medical Center of Central Georgia","Rollins School of Public Health","University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center of Central Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068802761","display_name":"Kupper A. Wintergerst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-061X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-061X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285730425","display_name":"Navicent Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00qd1fk85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802740592","display_name":"Riley Hospital for Children","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzvbw58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283055418","https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108055","display_name":"Kosair Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xxd6b82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kupper Wintergerst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","Medical Center of Central Georgia","Rollins School of Public Health","University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","Vanderbilt University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University/Riley Hospital For Children","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802740592","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center of Central Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285730425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville/Kosair Children\u2019S Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210108055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11623","display_name":"Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11623","display_name":"Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10867","display_name":"Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-intensive-care","display_name":"pediatric intensive care","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-therapy","display_name":"insulin therapy","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurse-driven-protocol","display_name":"nurse-driven protocol","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemia","display_name":"hypoglycemia","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"mechanical ventilation","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vasopressors","display_name":"vasopressors","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-glucose-monitoring","display_name":"blood glucose monitoring","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icu-mortality","display_name":"ICU mortality","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-adoption","display_name":"protocol adoption","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-events","display_name":"adverse events","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icu-length-of-stay","display_name":"ICU length of stay","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critically-ill-children","display_name":"critically ill children","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-patients","display_name":"trauma patients","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-patients","display_name":"surgical patients","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease-patients","display_name":"cardiovascular patients","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicenter-evaluation","display_name":"multicenter evaluation","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-institute-of-diabetes-and-digestive-and-kidney-diseases","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9556541442871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.6787088513374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.5475550293922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4326986074447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991859549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Critically ill","level":2,"score":0.4288516044616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993568657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Critical illness","level":3,"score":0.41198229789733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3915134072303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.345079630613327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2325136363506317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000424527.61940.b3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000424527.61940.b3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000424527.61940.b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108732581","display_name":"Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"0090-3493","issn":["0090-3493","1530-0293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327853615","https://openalex.org/W2032700894","https://openalex.org/W2324884965","https://openalex.org/W2093326845","https://openalex.org/W2335397041","https://openalex.org/W2325630672","https://openalex.org/W2323152294","https://openalex.org/W2008633765","https://openalex.org/W2325408939","https://openalex.org/W4236757121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Controlling":[1],"critical":[2,9,60],"illness":[3],"hyperglycemia":[4,57,71,114,182,243,372],"improves":[5],"outcomes":[6,306],"in":[7,14,58,67,172,296,364],"adult":[8,28],"care,":[10,30],"and":[11,26,54,63,72,105,110,127,154,167,207,209,225,249,276,301,307,315,349,354,366,373,382],"may":[12,377],"so":[13],"pediatric":[15,31,59,120],"ICUs.":[16],"Although":[17,292],"standard":[18,50],"approaches":[19],"to":[20,36,52,78,112,156,241,261,356,361,367],"glycemic":[21,125,313],"control":[22,113,128,314,357],"have":[23,33],"become":[24],"routine":[25],"expected":[27],"ICU":[29,56,272],"intensivists":[32],"been":[34],"reluctant":[35],"adopt":[37],"such":[38],"protocols.":[39],"Hypothesis:":[40],"We":[41],"are":[42],"conducting":[43],"a":[44,49,83,93,101,130,162,173,327,337,345,380],"NIDDK-sponsored":[45],"multicenter":[46],"evaluation":[47],"of":[48,69,95,117,264,287,304,339,371],"approach":[51,66],"identify":[53,242],"treat":[55],"care":[61,98,342,365],"units":[62,99,343],"evaluate":[64],"this":[65,387],"terms":[68],"managing":[70],"adverse":[73],"events.":[74],"This":[75,320],"will":[76],"be":[77,90,334],"test":[79],"our":[80,323],"hypothesis":[81,325],"that":[82,122,326],"simple":[84,328],"physician-initiated,":[85,329],"nurse":[86,163,330],"driven":[87,164,331],"protocol":[88,332],"can":[89,333],"adopted":[91,335],"by":[92,336],"variety":[94,338],"Pediatric":[96,340],"intensive":[97,341],"with":[100,107,344,351],"different":[102,346],"patient":[103,232,309,347],"populations":[104,348],"work":[106,350],"similar":[108,352],"efficacy":[109,353],"safety":[111,355],"Methods:":[115],"Review":[116],"4":[118],"US":[119],"ICUs":[121],"recently":[123],"standardize":[124],"monitoring":[126],"using":[129],"published":[131],"protocol.":[132],"At":[133],"risk":[134],"patients":[135,179,224,284],"had":[136,285],"blood":[137],"glucose":[138],"(BG)":[139],"regularly":[140],"assessed.":[141],"If":[142],"BG":[143,158,240],"was":[144,152,234,244,274,279,317,389],">140":[145,184],"mg/dL":[146,160,246],"x":[147],"2,":[148],"an":[149],"insulin":[150,250,265],"infusion":[151],"initiated":[153],"titrated":[155],"keep":[157],"80-140":[159],"via":[161],"algorithm.":[165],"Clinical":[166,394],"demographic":[168],"data":[169,321],"were":[170,188,196,203,218,294],"collected":[171],"centralized":[174],"database.":[175],"Results:":[176],"Of":[177],"171":[178],"who":[180],"developed":[181],"(BG":[183],"mg/dL),":[185],"47":[186],"(27.5%)":[187],"on":[189,197,204,258],"mechanical":[190],"ventilation":[191],"(MV)":[192],"only,":[193,200],"13":[194],"(7.6%)":[195],"vasopressors":[198],"(VPs)":[199],"95":[201],"(55.6%)":[202],"both":[205],"MV":[206,213,300],"VPs,":[208],"16":[210],"(9.4%)":[211],"neither":[212],"or":[214],"VPs;":[215],"105":[216],"(61.4%)":[217],"medical":[219],"patients,":[220],"36":[221],"(21.1%)":[222],"cardiovascular/surgery":[223],"30":[226],"(17.5%)":[227],"other":[228],"surgical/trauma":[229],"patients.":[230],"Average":[231],"age":[233],"7.8":[235],"y":[236],"(4d-56y).":[237],"The":[238,255],"average":[239,256],"235":[245],"(142-977":[247],"mg/dL)":[248,290],"therapy":[251,266],"lasted":[252],"4.7d":[253],"(1-47d).":[254],"BGs":[257],"day":[259,262],"+1":[260],"+4":[263],"ranged":[267],"from":[268,390],"132-176":[269],"mg/dL.":[270],"Mean":[271],"LOS":[273],"17.2d":[275],"cause":[277],"mortality":[278],"19.3%.":[280],"Overall,":[281],"7":[282],"(4.1%)":[283],"episodes":[286],"severe":[288],"(<40":[289],"hypoglycemia.":[291],"there":[293],"differences":[295],"support":[297,322],"measures":[298],"(i.e.":[299],"VP),":[302],"severity":[303],"hyperglycemia,":[305],"some":[308],"demographics":[310],"between":[311],"centers,":[312],"hypoglycemia":[316],"similar.":[318],"Conclusions:":[319],"central":[324],"hyperglycemia.":[358],"In":[359],"order":[360],"reduce":[362],"variability":[363],"understand":[368],"the":[369],"effects":[370],"its":[374],"management,":[375],"centers":[376],"consider":[378],"adopting":[379],"tested":[381],"validated":[383],"approach.":[384],"(Funding":[385],"for":[386],"project":[388],"NIDDK":[391],"(R21DK081847;":[392],"PI-Rigby)":[393],"Trials:":[395],"NCT01116674":[396]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}