{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2329927322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000082","title":"Departures from optimality when pursuing multiple approach or avoidance goals.","display_name":"Departures from optimality when pursuing multiple approach or avoidance goals.","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2329927322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000082","mag":"2329927322","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26963081","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4933528"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/apl0000082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166002381","display_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9010","issn":["0021-9010","1939-1854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000082","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077992672","display_name":"Timothy Ballard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8875-4541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8875-4541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Ballard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, University of Western Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, University of Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076072035","display_name":"Gillian Yeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-6096","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-6096"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gillian Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, University of Western Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, University of Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029250489","display_name":"Andrew F. Neal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-9376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-9376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Neal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, University of Queensland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of Queensland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077470909","display_name":"Simon Farrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-8789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-8789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Farrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, University of Western Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077992672"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.02,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86348387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"101","issue":"7","first_page":"1056","last_page":"1066"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approach-goals","display_name":"approach goals","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avoidance-goals","display_name":"avoidance goals","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative-model","display_name":"normative model","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"dynamic programming","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prospect-theory","display_name":"prospect theory","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-aversion","display_name":"risk aversion","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-seeking-behavior","display_name":"risk seeking","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-prioritization","display_name":"goal prioritization","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-value","display_name":"expected value","score":0.3319999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.8027520179748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.6794497966766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.6743680238723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5827614665031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C339426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151839","display_name":"Prospect theory","level":2,"score":0.5351911783218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777615720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888847","display_name":"Prioritization","level":2,"score":0.5158737897872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137549413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7053127","display_name":"Normative model of decision-making","level":3,"score":0.4995589256286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4640357494354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777536939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25054194","display_name":"Goal pursuit","level":2,"score":0.4364390969276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28901747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177571","display_name":"Decision theory","level":2,"score":0.4123052954673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.35438352823257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3086116909980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.16151180863380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16068580746650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.11255457997322083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006040","descriptor_name":"Goals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012309","descriptor_name":"Risk-Taking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/apl0000082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166002381","display_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9010","issn":["0021-9010","1939-1854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4933528","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4933528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Appl Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26963081","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26963081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of applied psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/961a112f-f69c-450c-8fae-224f00c82923","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/961a112f-f69c-450c-8fae-224f00c82923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ballard, T, Yeo, G, Neal, A & Farrell, S 2016, 'Departures from optimality when pursuing multiple approach or avoidance goals', Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 101, no. 7, pp. 1056-1066. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000082","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/apl0000082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166002381","display_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9010","issn":["0021-9010","1939-1854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3199497286","display_name":"Decision making in an unstable world","funder_award_id":"EP/I032622/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5067445302","display_name":"The role of episodic memory in imagining and planning for the future","funder_award_id":"FT130100149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5909915212","display_name":"Developing and testing dynamic models of goal striving in approach and avoidance contexts","funder_award_id":"DP120100852","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G87568628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/I032622/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158727920","https://openalex.org/W1552286890","https://openalex.org/W1570399521","https://openalex.org/W1595912963","https://openalex.org/W1599800290","https://openalex.org/W1696611903","https://openalex.org/W1768805390","https://openalex.org/W1971884762","https://openalex.org/W1974676429","https://openalex.org/W1976700485","https://openalex.org/W1980446206","https://openalex.org/W1981801748","https://openalex.org/W1983786736","https://openalex.org/W1986808060","https://openalex.org/W1991101216","https://openalex.org/W2006397401","https://openalex.org/W2009180034","https://openalex.org/W2010165672","https://openalex.org/W2027920176","https://openalex.org/W2029304302","https://openalex.org/W2030584372","https://openalex.org/W2033347558","https://openalex.org/W2042470512","https://openalex.org/W2050775009","https://openalex.org/W2061371720","https://openalex.org/W2066231335","https://openalex.org/W2068089288","https://openalex.org/W2069045459","https://openalex.org/W2077213670","https://openalex.org/W2077370877","https://openalex.org/W2086228533","https://openalex.org/W2090768751","https://openalex.org/W2094533570","https://openalex.org/W2094854455","https://openalex.org/W2096452841","https://openalex.org/W2100402365","https://openalex.org/W2119583297","https://openalex.org/W2120492617","https://openalex.org/W2124390784","https://openalex.org/W2132726456","https://openalex.org/W2133469585","https://openalex.org/W2135024006","https://openalex.org/W2137634843","https://openalex.org/W2143474545","https://openalex.org/W2148962857","https://openalex.org/W2153099811","https://openalex.org/W2159535821","https://openalex.org/W2164701058","https://openalex.org/W2168145106","https://openalex.org/W2170176242","https://openalex.org/W2172199324","https://openalex.org/W2285786022","https://openalex.org/W2341171179","https://openalex.org/W3121217189","https://openalex.org/W4230285053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2528916934","https://openalex.org/W6962795725","https://openalex.org/W2754113869","https://openalex.org/W2414426779","https://openalex.org/W3134394234","https://openalex.org/W3023639802","https://openalex.org/W2170176242","https://openalex.org/W2768025591","https://openalex.org/W2729065730","https://openalex.org/W2010165672"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,121],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"how":[3],"people":[4,38,70],"depart":[5],"from":[6,99],"optimality":[7,14],"during":[8],"multiple-goal":[9,135],"pursuit.":[10,136],"The":[11,66],"authors":[12,67],"operationalized":[13],"using":[15,127],"dynamic":[16,60],"programming,":[17],"which":[18,104],"is":[19,64,91],"a":[20,107],"mathematical":[21],"model":[22,62],"used":[23],"to":[24,50,82,133],"calculate":[25],"expected":[26],"value":[27],"in":[28,54,86,103],"multistage":[29],"decisions.":[30],"Drawing":[31],"on":[32],"prospect":[33],"theory,":[34],"they":[35],"predicted":[36,68],"that":[37,69],"are":[39,46,71,78],"risk-averse":[40],"when":[41,73],"pursuing":[42,74,113],"approach":[43,116],"goals":[44,76],"and":[45,77,130],"therefore":[47,79],"more":[48,80],"likely":[49,81],"prioritize":[51,83],"the":[52,55,59,84,87,124],"goal":[53,85],"best":[56],"position":[57,89],"than":[58,90],"programming":[61],"suggests":[63],"optimal.":[65,92],"risk-seeking":[72],"avoidance":[75,119],"worst":[88],"These":[93],"predictions":[94],"were":[95],"supported":[96],"by":[97],"results":[98],"an":[100],"experimental":[101],"paradigm":[102],"participants":[105],"made":[106],"series":[108],"of":[109,126],"prioritization":[110],"decisions":[111],"while":[112],"either":[114],"2":[115,118],"or":[117],"goals.":[120],"research":[122],"demonstrates":[123],"usefulness":[125],"decision-making":[128],"theories":[129],"normative":[131],"models":[132],"understand":[134],"(PsycINFO":[137],"Database":[138],"Record":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}