{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2328166015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000057","title":"Building the \u201cWorld's Pharmacy\u201d: The Rise of the German Pharmaceutical Industry, 1871\u20131914","display_name":"Building the \u201cWorld's Pharmacy\u201d: The Rise of the German Pharmaceutical Industry, 1871\u20131914","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2328166015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000057","mag":"2328166015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0007680515000057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88020226","display_name":"The Business History Review","issn_l":"0007-6805","issn":["0007-6805","2044-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111387278","display_name":"Tobias Cramer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Cramer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111387278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1258,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91917365,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":"1","first_page":"43","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.36959999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.36959999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.2786000072956085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.12370000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"German pharmaceutical industry","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-companies","display_name":"pharmaceutical companies","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-development","display_name":"drug development","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-intensity","display_name":"research intensity","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-portfolio","display_name":"product portfolio","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-success-factors","display_name":"business success factors","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-pharmacy","display_name":"history of pharmacy","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century","display_name":"19th century","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-20th-century","display_name":"early 20th century","score":0.7870000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.8379828333854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry","level":2,"score":0.6635944247245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5705816149711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.5114649534225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46004819869995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4168446362018585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3202250003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3176145553588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0898790955543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08777275681495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07178792357444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0007680515000057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88020226","display_name":"The Business History Review","issn_l":"0007-6805","issn":["0007-6805","2044-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:buhirw:v:89:y:2015:i:01:p:43-73_00","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007680515000057/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W304011120","https://openalex.org/W363288200","https://openalex.org/W432065611","https://openalex.org/W483272875","https://openalex.org/W561583576","https://openalex.org/W565063425","https://openalex.org/W567144900","https://openalex.org/W567512764","https://openalex.org/W568430083","https://openalex.org/W573842534","https://openalex.org/W584020689","https://openalex.org/W586977812","https://openalex.org/W601145133","https://openalex.org/W603085731","https://openalex.org/W616336747","https://openalex.org/W618493131","https://openalex.org/W631826153","https://openalex.org/W632579720","https://openalex.org/W634480028","https://openalex.org/W848600009","https://openalex.org/W1485768079","https://openalex.org/W1533139174","https://openalex.org/W1537758657","https://openalex.org/W1539844255","https://openalex.org/W1548698452","https://openalex.org/W1555494511","https://openalex.org/W1572435756","https://openalex.org/W1574754631","https://openalex.org/W1576605329","https://openalex.org/W1832057392","https://openalex.org/W1966811413","https://openalex.org/W1972500460","https://openalex.org/W1973222807","https://openalex.org/W1974753158","https://openalex.org/W1981684318","https://openalex.org/W2000607568","https://openalex.org/W2008101936","https://openalex.org/W2010649021","https://openalex.org/W2017270620","https://openalex.org/W2027662789","https://openalex.org/W2042188965","https://openalex.org/W2042322925","https://openalex.org/W2043235154","https://openalex.org/W2045224571","https://openalex.org/W2050284981","https://openalex.org/W2055146423","https://openalex.org/W2061977616","https://openalex.org/W2062963355","https://openalex.org/W2080633489","https://openalex.org/W2085410735","https://openalex.org/W2086656505","https://openalex.org/W2112159659","https://openalex.org/W2120041662","https://openalex.org/W2123709218","https://openalex.org/W2127321851","https://openalex.org/W2129432581","https://openalex.org/W2137358449","https://openalex.org/W2167232066","https://openalex.org/W2169049218","https://openalex.org/W2273054104","https://openalex.org/W2332115340","https://openalex.org/W2396146780","https://openalex.org/W2399219944","https://openalex.org/W2568836623","https://openalex.org/W2740306096","https://openalex.org/W2740380058","https://openalex.org/W2788749595","https://openalex.org/W2796445405","https://openalex.org/W2841103364","https://openalex.org/W3121147769","https://openalex.org/W3123381321","https://openalex.org/W3123733296","https://openalex.org/W3124032539","https://openalex.org/W3124536214","https://openalex.org/W4206942429","https://openalex.org/W4210314689","https://openalex.org/W4211136176","https://openalex.org/W4248702282","https://openalex.org/W4252777844","https://openalex.org/W4298413470","https://openalex.org/W4300461348","https://openalex.org/W4301066124","https://openalex.org/W6676362378","https://openalex.org/W6742135966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100481687","https://openalex.org/W2042322925","https://openalex.org/W4229335887","https://openalex.org/W2186965795","https://openalex.org/W2323699347","https://openalex.org/W1598779631","https://openalex.org/W25105140","https://openalex.org/W2068426056","https://openalex.org/W1789015407","https://openalex.org/W128945151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"German":[1],"pharmaceutical":[2],"industry":[3,57],"dominated":[4],"global":[5],"drug":[6],"creation":[7],"from":[8],"the":[9,19,29,56,85],"late":[10],"nineteenth":[11],"century":[12],"to":[13,49],"World":[14],"War":[15],"I.":[16],"Most":[17],"of":[18,32,44,53,62,77],"industry's":[20,86],"products":[21,33],"were":[22,89],"based":[23],"on":[24],"extensive":[25],"scientific":[26,71],"research.":[27],"However,":[28],"research":[30,87],"intensity":[31],"varied":[34],"across":[35],"companies":[36],"and":[37,58,80,82],"intensified":[38],"over":[39],"time.":[40],"A":[41],"main":[42],"contribution":[43],"this":[45],"article":[46],"is":[47],"thus":[48],"identify":[50],"different":[51],"groups":[52],"firms":[54],"within":[55],"provide":[59],"an":[60],"analysis":[61],"their":[63],"product":[64],"portfolios":[65],"before":[66],"1914.":[67],"This":[68],"essay":[69],"embeds":[70],"developments":[72],"in":[73],"a":[74],"coevolutionary":[75],"framework":[76],"science,":[78],"firms,":[79],"institutions":[81],"shows":[83],"that":[84],"capabilities":[88],"complemented":[90],"by":[91],"other":[92],"important":[93],"factors":[94],"for":[95],"corporate":[96],"success.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}