{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2326796017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1345147","title":"The Literary Motif: A Definition and Evaluation","display_name":"The Literary Motif: A Definition and Evaluation","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2326796017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1345147","mag":"2326796017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1345147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1345147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1345147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165333975","display_name":"NOVEL A Forum on Fiction","issn_l":"0029-5132","issn":["0029-5132","1945-8509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112793224","display_name":"William Freedman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William Freedman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112793224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40818341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"123","last_page":"123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13024","display_name":"Literary Theory and Cultural Hermeneutics","score":0.7851999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13024","display_name":"Literary Theory and Cultural Hermeneutics","score":0.7851999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12398","display_name":"Poetry Analysis and Criticism","score":0.07750000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13174","display_name":"American and British Literature Analysis","score":0.052799999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literary-motifs","display_name":"literary motifs","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literary-devices","display_name":"literary devices","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphor","display_name":"metaphor","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figurative-language","display_name":"figurative language","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literary-value","display_name":"literary value","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-criticism","display_name":"New Criticism","score":0.6980000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46182478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7363315","display_name":"Literal and figurative language","level":2,"score":0.8520122170448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32276052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908349","display_name":"Motif (music)","level":2,"score":0.6841055154800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136815107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154242","display_name":"Nothing","level":2,"score":0.6209599375724792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142932270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58854","display_name":"Literary criticism","level":2,"score":0.5633974075317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.5616478323936462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5041857957839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780882242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14235582","display_name":"Literal (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.4793703854084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.47925281524658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777239683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157811","display_name":"Virtue","level":2,"score":0.4676876366138458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4335300922393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.41310253739356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780600232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097949","display_name":"Literary language","level":2,"score":0.41139721870422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3973344564437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22453102469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1894032061100006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.17823928594589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1345147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1345147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1345147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165333975","display_name":"NOVEL A Forum on Fiction","issn_l":"0029-5132","issn":["0029-5132","1945-8509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401529593","https://openalex.org/W6929975531","https://openalex.org/W572424134","https://openalex.org/W7213222690","https://openalex.org/W2371030510","https://openalex.org/W6922471662","https://openalex.org/W6960061280","https://openalex.org/W2188929494","https://openalex.org/W2320901479","https://openalex.org/W4327621887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,4,8,14,45,70,110,121,127,143,146,162,172,193,208,228,244,260,269,279,329,336],"rise":[2],"of":[3,28,38,41,52,60,83,113,171,174,192,206,230,246,262,335],"New":[5],"Criticism":[6],"in":[7,124,176,250,333],"Thirties,":[9],"a":[10,24,130,149,189,204,236,251,296,323],"criticism":[11],"preoccupied":[12],"with":[13,18,33,81,94,126,155],"work-in-itself":[15],"and":[16,63,145,212],"consequently":[17],"literary":[19,163,209,232,338],"technique,":[20],"there":[21,166,184],"has":[22,43,167,185,294,301],"been":[23,44,168,186],"steadily":[25],"increasing":[26],"flow":[27],"critical":[29,239],"essays":[30],"primarily":[31,108],"concerned":[32,93],"language.":[34],"One":[35],"important":[36],"phase":[37],"this":[39,282],"study":[40],"language":[42,115],"attempt":[46,200],"to":[47,199,226,242,255,276,289],"discover":[48],"clusters":[49],"or":[50,55,74,97,298,313],"families":[51,82],"related":[53],"words":[54],"phrases":[56],"that,":[57],"by":[58],"virtue":[59],"their":[61],"frequency":[62],"particular":[64],"use,":[65],"tell":[66],"us":[67],"something":[68,257],"about":[69],"author's":[71],"intentions,":[72],"conscious":[73],"otherwise.":[75],"Mark":[76],"Schorer,":[77],"concerning":[78],"himself":[79],"only":[80],"metaphors,":[84,98],"terms":[85,99],"them":[86,100],"metaphoric":[111],"substructures.'":[88],"Reuben":[89],"Brower,":[90],"also":[91],"mainly":[92],"recurrent":[95],"images":[96],"continuities.2":[101],"But":[102,267],"although":[103],"most":[104,159],"critics":[105],"have":[106,219],"concentrated":[107],"on":[109],"members":[112],"these":[114],"families,":[116],"it":[117,214,274],"seems":[118],"obvious":[119],"that":[120,133,221,241,258,263,291,299],"literal":[122,144],"components,":[123],"conjunction":[125],"figurative,":[128],"form":[129],"larger":[131],"unit":[132],"may":[134],"prove":[135],"more":[136],"revealing":[137],"still.":[138],"And":[139,216],"when":[140,217],"we":[141,153],"combine":[142],"figurative":[147],"into":[148,278,305],"single":[150],"family":[151],"unit,":[152],"emerge":[154],"what":[156,207],"is":[157,211,235,254,286,317,328],"perhaps":[158],"accurately":[160],"called":[161],"motif.":[164],"Although":[165],"much":[169],"discussion":[170],"function":[173],"motifs":[175],"specific":[177],"works,":[178],"so":[179],"far":[180],"as":[181,321,326],"I":[182,195,218,222,265,272],"know":[183],"nothing":[187],"approaching":[188],"detailed":[190],"analysis":[191],"device.":[194],"should":[196,223],"like,":[197],"therefore,":[198],"such":[201],"an":[202,247,292,318],"analysis,":[203],"description":[205],"motif":[332],"how":[213],"functions.":[215],"done":[220],"like":[224],"then":[225],"examine":[227],"question":[229],"its":[231,303,315],"value.":[233],"It":[234,285],"fairly":[237],"automatic":[238],"assumption":[240],"demonstrate":[243,256],"existence":[245],"elaborate":[248],"given":[252],"work":[253,307],"enhances":[259],"value":[261],"work.":[264],"agree.":[266],"at":[268,309],"same":[270],"time":[271],"think":[273],"advisable":[275],"inquire":[277],"reasons":[280],"behind":[281],"widespread":[283],"assent.":[284],"not":[287],"enough":[288],"show":[290],"author":[293],"employed":[295],"one":[300,334],"found":[302],"way":[304],"his":[306],"without":[308],"least":[310],"inquiring":[311],"why":[312],"if":[314],"presence":[316],"asset.":[319],"Perhaps":[320],"useful":[322],"starting":[324],"point":[325],"any":[327],"entry":[330],"under":[331],"standard":[337],"dictionaries:":[339]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}