{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2326467372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3338733","title":"The Cost of Being Indigenous in Bolivia: An Empirical Analysis of Educational Attainments and Outcomes","display_name":"The Cost of Being Indigenous in Bolivia: An Empirical Analysis of Educational Attainments and Outcomes","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2326467372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3338733","mag":"2326467372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3338733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3338733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3338733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205585476","display_name":"Bulletin of Latin American Research","issn_l":"0261-3050","issn":["0261-3050","1470-9856"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Latin American Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085851319","display_name":"Harry Anthony Patrinos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-3568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-3568"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry Anthony Patrinos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058370627","display_name":"George Psacharopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-2203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-2203"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Psacharopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.7607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98763107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"293","last_page":"293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12861","display_name":"Migration, Education, Indigenous Social Dynamics","score":0.6606000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12861","display_name":"Migration, Education, Indigenous Social Dynamics","score":0.6606000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.15929999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13266","display_name":"Indigenous Studies in Latin America","score":0.03200000151991844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-peoples","display_name":"indigenous peoples","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-outcomes","display_name":"educational outcomes","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-discrimination-in-education","display_name":"ethnic discrimination in education","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bolivia","display_name":"Bolivia","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-inequality","display_name":"ethnic inequality","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.806260883808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33365821838378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3243633210659027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.05145183205604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3338733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3338733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3338733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205585476","display_name":"Bulletin of Latin American Research","issn_l":"0261-3050","issn":["0261-3050","1470-9856"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of Latin American Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W213234258","https://openalex.org/W1485579488","https://openalex.org/W1489479766","https://openalex.org/W1534511968","https://openalex.org/W1538443123","https://openalex.org/W1545309099","https://openalex.org/W1561856938","https://openalex.org/W1570476644","https://openalex.org/W1576775859","https://openalex.org/W1584207370","https://openalex.org/W1966240820","https://openalex.org/W1967511199","https://openalex.org/W1970760598","https://openalex.org/W1978758349","https://openalex.org/W1986487480","https://openalex.org/W1991788317","https://openalex.org/W2017321158","https://openalex.org/W2029394297","https://openalex.org/W2034985046","https://openalex.org/W2059784828","https://openalex.org/W2060075305","https://openalex.org/W2070074599","https://openalex.org/W2091882744","https://openalex.org/W2093963587","https://openalex.org/W2113532537","https://openalex.org/W2147423526","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2624425955","https://openalex.org/W2081517250","https://openalex.org/W1848542743","https://openalex.org/W3152540255","https://openalex.org/W2766174977","https://openalex.org/W2800551186","https://openalex.org/W3199150155","https://openalex.org/W2221354181","https://openalex.org/W337288481","https://openalex.org/W7068452224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Harry":[0],"Anthony":[1],"Patrinos,":[2],"George":[3],"Psacharopoulos,":[4],"The":[5],"Cost":[6],"of":[7,15,21],"Being":[8],"Indigenous":[9],"in":[10],"Bolivia:":[11],"An":[12],"Empirical":[13],"Analysis":[14],"Educational":[16],"Attainments":[17],"and":[18],"Outcomes,":[19],"Bulletin":[20],"Latin":[22],"American":[23],"Research,":[24],"Vol.":[25],"12,":[26],"No.":[27],"3":[28],"(Sep.,":[29],"1993),":[30],"pp.":[31],"293-309":[32]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}