{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2325755626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513486920","title":"Validity and Reliability of Survey Items and Pictograms for Use in a National Household Survey of Tobacco Use in Cambodia","display_name":"Validity and Reliability of Survey Items and Pictograms for Use in a National Household Survey of Tobacco Use in Cambodia","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2325755626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513486920","mag":"2325755626","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23695538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1010539513486920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513486920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513486920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84753440","display_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1010-5395","issn":["1010-5395","1941-2479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046445551","display_name":"Pramil N. Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-2887","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-2887"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26347476","display_name":"Loma Linda University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bj28v14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramil N. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071315707","display_name":"Sothy Khieng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4585-5112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4585-5112"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sothy Khieng","raw_affiliation_strings":["VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088406040","display_name":"Daravuth Yel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daravuth Yel","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101512780","display_name":"Duc Thanh Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-6597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-6597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26347476","display_name":"Loma Linda University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bj28v14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duc Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052637441","display_name":"Jayakaran S. Job","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26347476","display_name":"Loma Linda University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bj28v14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayakaran S. Job","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1975,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1975},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9554,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86976723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5_suppl","first_page":"45S","last_page":"53S"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-use","display_name":"tobacco use","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smokeless-tobacco","display_name":"smokeless tobacco","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salivary-cotinine","display_name":"salivary cotinine","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-and-specificity","display_name":"sensitivity and specificity","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-statistics","display_name":"reliability statistics","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-adults","display_name":"rural adults","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cambodia","display_name":"Cambodia","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-pacific-region","display_name":"Western Pacific Region","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7220189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52827","display_name":"Pictogram","level":2,"score":0.7226135730743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5843545198440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5672828555107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019190695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7212330","display_name":"Tobacco use","level":3,"score":0.5565062165260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173481278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257997","display_name":"Survey research","level":2,"score":0.5169802904129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40662336349487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3932669162750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2606145143508911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.25258582830429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1067761778831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001296","descriptor_name":"Audiovisual Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002160","descriptor_name":"Cambodia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003367","descriptor_name":"Cotinine","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005191","descriptor_name":"Family Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006306","descriptor_name":"Health Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012423","descriptor_name":"Rural Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012463","descriptor_name":"Saliva","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014030","descriptor_name":"Tobacco, Smokeless","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064424","descriptor_name":"Tobacco Use","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1010539513486920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513486920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513486920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84753440","display_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1010-5395","issn":["1010-5395","1941-2479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23695538","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23695538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific journal of public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.829.7420","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.829.7420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aph.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/05/16/1010539513486920.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G598015053","display_name":"Building GIS Capacity into Tobacco Control Research Programs of East Asia","funder_award_id":"R01TW005964","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6939027876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 TW05964-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185353091","https://openalex.org/W1964740333","https://openalex.org/W1975224051","https://openalex.org/W1989296772","https://openalex.org/W2003669041","https://openalex.org/W2005264817","https://openalex.org/W2029781096","https://openalex.org/W2030088605","https://openalex.org/W2039606664","https://openalex.org/W2052196968","https://openalex.org/W2054493145","https://openalex.org/W2081105530","https://openalex.org/W2085191348","https://openalex.org/W2098111685","https://openalex.org/W2100593677","https://openalex.org/W2132611041","https://openalex.org/W2133532402","https://openalex.org/W2146272590","https://openalex.org/W2146843504","https://openalex.org/W2153765249","https://openalex.org/W2160482682","https://openalex.org/W2162129637","https://openalex.org/W2163525491","https://openalex.org/W4387515065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098274376","https://openalex.org/W2075584192","https://openalex.org/W2895476605","https://openalex.org/W2091392706","https://openalex.org/W2075340747","https://openalex.org/W2054661126","https://openalex.org/W2161614245","https://openalex.org/W4408311809","https://openalex.org/W3016653368","https://openalex.org/W4225399288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115],"validity":[1,116],"of":[2,5,31,48,89,106,117,123,147,183],"survey":[3,44,173],"measures":[4],"smoked":[6,91,184],"and":[7,46,68,98,156,175,185],"smokeless":[8,124,186],"tobacco":[9,50,107,125,149,154,187],"use":[10,51,188],"in":[11,27,34,77,189],"the":[12,104,118,121,132,134,145],"Western":[13],"Pacific":[14],"Region":[15],"is":[16],"often":[17],"unknown.":[18],"We":[19],"conducted":[20],"a":[21,28,84,100],"validation":[22],"study":[23],"(n":[24],"=":[25,59,66,72,93,96,110,113,165],"201)":[26],"random":[29],"sample":[30],"rural":[32,190],"adults":[33],"Cambodia.":[35,191],"A":[36],"comparison":[37],"with":[38,87,103],"salivary":[39],"cotinine":[40,79],"indicated":[41],"(1)":[42],"that":[43,138],"items":[45,155,174],"pictograms":[47,137,157,176],"current":[49],"had":[52],"an":[53,179],"87%":[54],"(95%":[55,64,70],"confidence":[56],"interval":[57],"[CI]":[58],"78%-93%)":[60],"sensitivity,":[61],"94%":[62],"specificity":[63],"CI":[65,71],"87%-98%),":[67],"93%":[69],"85%-97%)":[73],"positive":[74,85,101],"predictive":[75],"value":[76],"detecting":[78],"levels":[80],">10":[81],"ng/mL;":[82],"(2)":[83],"correlation":[86,102],"number":[88],"cigarettes":[90],"(R":[92,109],"0.34;":[94],"P":[95,112],".01);":[97],"(3)":[99],"amount":[105,122,146],"chewed":[108],"0.44;":[111],".02).":[114],"index":[119,133],"for":[120],"used":[126,150],"was":[127],"enhanced":[128],"by":[129],"adding":[130],"to":[131,141,160,169],"data":[135],"from":[136],"were":[139,158],"utilized":[140],"help":[142],"participants":[143],"estimate":[144],"loose":[148],"per":[151],"session.":[152],"These":[153],"found":[159],"have":[161],"excellent":[162],"reliability":[163],"(\u03ba":[164],"0.80-1)":[166],"over":[167],"2":[168],"3":[170],"weeks.":[171],"Interviewer-administered":[172],"can":[177],"provide":[178],"accurate,":[180],"quantitative":[181],"measure":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}