{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2324769298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00640.2013","title":"Slowly emerging glycinergic transmission enhances inhibition in the sound localization pathway of the avian auditory system","display_name":"Slowly emerging glycinergic transmission enhances inhibition in the sound localization pathway of the avian auditory system","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2324769298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00640.2013","mag":"2324769298","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24198323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1152/jn.00640.2013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00640.2013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00640.2013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142952003","display_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","issn_l":"0022-3077","issn":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3921398","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021239658","display_name":"Matthew J. Fischl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-9347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-9347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J. Fischl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090975930","display_name":"Sonia R. Weimann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5120-6189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5120-6189"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia R. Weimann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051202963","display_name":"Michael G. Kearse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-8803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-8803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael G. Kearse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072211533","display_name":"R. Michael Burger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3856-3488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3856-3488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Michael Burger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072211533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73816261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"3","first_page":"565","last_page":"572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10334","display_name":"Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics","score":0.6518999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10334","display_name":"Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics","score":0.6518999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.15649999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.1234000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycinergic-inhibition","display_name":"glycinergic inhibition","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycine-receptor","display_name":"glycine receptor","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-localization","display_name":"sound localization","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleus-magnocellularis","display_name":"nucleus magnocellularis","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleus-laminaris","display_name":"nucleus laminaris","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avian-auditory-system","display_name":"avian auditory system","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabaergic-inhibition","display_name":"GABAergic inhibition","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-inhibition","display_name":"synaptic inhibition","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35599011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426887","display_name":"Glycine receptor","level":4,"score":0.9210213422775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7480610609054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.7375901341438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6157993078231812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.5796216130256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4598475694656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68236139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765652","display_name":"Sound localization","level":2,"score":0.4473978281021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200170125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q969316","display_name":"Neurotransmission","level":3,"score":0.43325257301330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779177108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18356742","display_name":"GABAergic","level":3,"score":0.42299872636795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777662796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387776","display_name":"Cochlear nucleus","level":3,"score":0.4214520752429962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934178","display_name":"Nucleus","level":2,"score":0.4015239477157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37658530473709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2298572063446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777756961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620730","display_name":"Glycine","level":3,"score":0.21954968571662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.14398080110549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001306","descriptor_name":"Auditory Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001306","descriptor_name":"Auditory Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001306","descriptor_name":"Auditory Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001306","descriptor_name":"Auditory Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001306","descriptor_name":"Auditory Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001306","descriptor_name":"Auditory Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002645","descriptor_name":"Chickens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002645","descriptor_name":"Chickens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002645","descriptor_name":"Chickens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005072","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Auditory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005072","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Auditory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005072","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Auditory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005998","descriptor_name":"Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005998","descriptor_name":"Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005998","descriptor_name":"Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013017","descriptor_name":"Sound Localization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013017","descriptor_name":"Sound Localization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013017","descriptor_name":"Sound Localization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017729","descriptor_name":"Presynaptic Terminals","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017729","descriptor_name":"Presynaptic Terminals","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017729","descriptor_name":"Presynaptic Terminals","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017729","descriptor_name":"Presynaptic Terminals","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017729","descriptor_name":"Presynaptic Terminals","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017729","descriptor_name":"Presynaptic Terminals","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018009","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018009","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018009","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018009","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018009","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018009","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020532","descriptor_name":"Basal Nucleus of Meynert","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020532","descriptor_name":"Basal Nucleus of Meynert","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020532","descriptor_name":"Basal Nucleus of Meynert","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020532","descriptor_name":"Basal Nucleus of Meynert","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020532","descriptor_name":"Basal Nucleus of Meynert","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020532","descriptor_name":"Basal Nucleus of Meynert","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053444","descriptor_name":"Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053444","descriptor_name":"Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053444","descriptor_name":"Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1152/jn.00640.2013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00640.2013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00640.2013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142952003","display_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","issn_l":"0022-3077","issn":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24198323","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24198323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurophysiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3921398","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3921398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Neurophysiol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3921398","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3921398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Neurophysiol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023247826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01DC 008989","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516914813","https://openalex.org/W1572375141","https://openalex.org/W1622590645","https://openalex.org/W1788084167","https://openalex.org/W1883549019","https://openalex.org/W1918121117","https://openalex.org/W1957242737","https://openalex.org/W1971473859","https://openalex.org/W1971656169","https://openalex.org/W1972775280","https://openalex.org/W1981035355","https://openalex.org/W1998522031","https://openalex.org/W2000147445","https://openalex.org/W2006683517","https://openalex.org/W2011941755","https://openalex.org/W2023523473","https://openalex.org/W2025066952","https://openalex.org/W2035766809","https://openalex.org/W2037060419","https://openalex.org/W2045300940","https://openalex.org/W2055551051","https://openalex.org/W2055623289","https://openalex.org/W2059381606","https://openalex.org/W2060441446","https://openalex.org/W2063609492","https://openalex.org/W2063856776","https://openalex.org/W2065140823","https://openalex.org/W2070109661","https://openalex.org/W2071022487","https://openalex.org/W2072179794","https://openalex.org/W2090675241","https://openalex.org/W2096089101","https://openalex.org/W2105848238","https://openalex.org/W2107214822","https://openalex.org/W2107469808","https://openalex.org/W2110275981","https://openalex.org/W2114309709","https://openalex.org/W2120084352","https://openalex.org/W2127867349","https://openalex.org/W2142071535","https://openalex.org/W2145781990","https://openalex.org/W2151916462","https://openalex.org/W2158224529","https://openalex.org/W2158404383","https://openalex.org/W2241211221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949952982","https://openalex.org/W2783611170","https://openalex.org/W2027965057","https://openalex.org/W3163370404","https://openalex.org/W3180181381","https://openalex.org/W2011941755","https://openalex.org/W1976014326","https://openalex.org/W2128048044","https://openalex.org/W1972655743","https://openalex.org/W2057776605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Localization":[0],"of":[1,18,58,104,162,207,221,234,254],"low-frequency":[2],"acoustic":[3],"stimuli":[4,20],"is":[5,51,68,120,246],"processed":[6],"in":[7,32,70,96,124,130,168,198,226],"dedicated":[8],"neural":[9],"pathways":[10],"where":[11,72],"coincidence-detecting":[12],"neurons":[13,129],"compare":[14],"the":[15,22,33,59,80,205,208,222,232,235,243],"arrival":[16],"time":[17,27],"sound":[19],"at":[21,186,231],"two":[23],"ears,":[24],"or":[25,82],"interaural":[26],"disparity":[28],"(ITD).":[29],"ITDs":[30],"occur":[31],"submillisecond":[34],"range,":[35],"and":[36,42,55,109,170,200,219,228],"vertebrates":[37],"have":[38],"evolved":[39],"specialized":[40,99],"excitatory":[41],"inhibitory":[43,84,224],"circuitry":[44],"to":[45,78,128],"compute":[46],"these":[47],"differences.":[48],"Glycinergic":[49,210],"inhibition":[50,74,95,253],"a":[52,193],"computationally":[53],"significant":[54],"prominent":[56],"component":[57,245],"mammalian":[60],"ITD":[61],"pathway.":[62],"However,":[63,113],"evidence":[64,161],"for":[65,100],"glycinergic":[66,176,196,244],"transmission":[67],"limited":[69],"birds,":[71],"GABAergic":[73],"has":[75],"been":[76],"thought":[77],"be":[79,179],"dominant":[81],"exclusive":[83],"transmitter.":[85],"Indeed,":[86],"previous":[87],"work":[88,116],"showed":[89],"that":[90,118,175,202,242],"GABA":[91,123],"antagonists":[92],"completely":[93],"eliminate":[94],"avian":[97],"nuclei":[98,132],"processing":[101],"temporal":[102],"features":[103],"sound,":[105],"nucleus":[106,110],"magnocellularis":[107],"(NM)":[108],"laminaris":[111],"(NL).":[112],"more":[114],"recent":[115],"shows":[117],"glycine":[119,164],"coexpressed":[121],"with":[122],"synaptic":[125],"terminals":[126],"apposed":[127],"both":[131],"(Coleman":[133],"WL,":[134],"Fischl":[135],"MJ,":[136],"Weimann":[137],"SR,":[138],"Burger":[139],"RM.":[140],"J":[141,152],"Neurophysiol":[142],"105:":[143],"2405-2420,":[144],"2011;":[145],"Kuo":[146],"SP,":[147],"Bradley":[148],"LA,":[149],"Trussell":[150],"LO.":[151],"Neurosci":[153],"29:":[154],"9625-9634,":[155],"2009).":[156],"Here":[157],"we":[158,173,240],"show":[159,174,241],"complementary":[160],"functional":[163],"receptor":[165],"(GlyR)":[166],"expression":[167],"NM":[169,199,227,261],"NL.":[171],"Additionally,":[172],"input":[177],"can":[178],"evoked":[180,256],"under":[181],"particular":[182],"stimulus":[183,214],"conditions.":[184],"Stimulation":[185],"high":[187],"but":[188],"physiologically":[189],"relevant":[190],"rates":[191],"evokes":[192],"slowly":[194],"emerging":[195],"response":[197,211],"NL":[201],"builds":[203],"over":[204],"course":[206],"stimulus.":[209,238],"magnitude":[212],"was":[213],"rate":[215],"dependent,":[216],"representing":[217],"18%":[218],"7%":[220],"total":[223],"current":[225,258],"NL,":[229],"respectively,":[230],"end":[233],"50-pulse,":[236],"200-Hz":[237],"Finally,":[239],"functionally":[247],"relevant,":[248],"as":[249],"its":[250],"elimination":[251],"reduced":[252],"discharges":[255],"by":[257],"injection":[259],"into":[260],"neurons.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
