{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2323994591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294514","title":"The Apprenticeship System in the British West Indies","display_name":"The Apprenticeship System in the British West Indies","publication_year":1964,"publication_date":"1964-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2323994591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294514","mag":"2323994591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2294514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91843068","display_name":"The Journal of Negro Education","issn_l":"0022-2984","issn":["0022-2984","2167-6437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315754","host_organization_name":"Howard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Howard University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Negro Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2323994591"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019855507","display_name":"James G. Latimer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Latimer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019855507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"52","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13570","display_name":"Historical Education Studies Worldwide","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13222","display_name":"Caribbean history, culture, and politics","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apprenticeship-system","display_name":"apprenticeship system","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slavery","display_name":"slavery","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abolition-of-slavery","display_name":"abolition of slavery","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emancipation","display_name":"emancipation","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-west-indies","display_name":"British West Indies","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slave-education","display_name":"slave education","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missionary-education","display_name":"missionary education","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperial-parliament","display_name":"Imperial Parliament","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-education-policy","display_name":"colonial education policy","score":0.41600000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018883866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669037","display_name":"West indies","level":2,"score":0.9106936454772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107806365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253567","display_name":"Apprenticeship","level":2,"score":0.7532377243041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4836069643497467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2993781864643097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.2676458954811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.2372242510318756}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2294514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2294514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91843068","display_name":"The Journal of Negro Education","issn_l":"0022-2984","issn":["0022-2984","2167-6437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315754","host_organization_name":"Howard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Howard University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Negro Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5385000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072095133","https://openalex.org/W2125674735","https://openalex.org/W4386050853","https://openalex.org/W4237195724","https://openalex.org/W34779901","https://openalex.org/W2950462140","https://openalex.org/W4361197983","https://openalex.org/W7038769519","https://openalex.org/W605655279","https://openalex.org/W7004925704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Apprenticeship":[1],"System":[2],"is":[3],"the":[4,8,12,20,24,42,44,58,63,86,94],"name":[5],"applied":[6],"to":[7,18,22,80,84,98],"plan":[9],"instituted":[10],"in":[11,55],"interval":[13],"between":[14,75],"slavery":[15],"and":[16,52,77,107],"emancipation":[17],"prepare":[19],"slaves":[21,35],"assume":[23],"duties":[25],"of":[26,33,47,61,88],"freemen.":[27],"While":[28],"there":[29],"was":[30,66,97],"a":[31,82],"nucleus":[32],"Christian":[34],"who":[36],"had":[37,49],"received":[38],"some":[39],"education":[40],"from":[41],"missionaries,":[43],"great":[45],"mass":[46,89],"them":[48],"remained":[50],"non-Christian":[51],"illiterate.":[53],"Consequently,":[54],"accordance":[56],"with":[57],"prevailing":[59],"consensus":[60],"opinion,":[62],"Imperial":[64],"Parliament":[65],"convinced":[67],"that":[68],"it":[69],"should":[70],"establish":[71],"an":[72],"interim":[73],"period":[74,93],"abolition":[76],"actual":[78],"liberation":[79],"expedite":[81],"scheme":[83],"ease":[85],"burden":[87],"emancipation.":[90],"During":[91],"this":[92],"slaves'":[95],"workload":[96],"be":[99],"reduced,":[100],"thereby":[101],"providing":[102],"sufficient":[103],"time":[104],"for":[105],"instruction":[106],"conversion.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
