{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2323929490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20151960","title":"Reverse vaccinology 2.0: Human immunology instructs vaccine antigen design","display_name":"Reverse vaccinology 2.0: Human immunology instructs vaccine antigen design","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2323929490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20151960","mag":"2323929490","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27022144","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4821650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1084/jem.20151960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20151960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20151960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22947807","display_name":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine","issn_l":"0022-1007","issn":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315676","host_organization_name":"Rockefeller University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315676"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rockefeller University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4821650","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086124703","display_name":"Rino Rappuoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-254X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-254X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rino Rappuoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058047069","display_name":"Matthew J. Bottomley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-5694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-5694"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J. Bottomley","raw_affiliation_strings":["GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079210145","display_name":"Ugo D\u2019Oro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-8605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-8605"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ugo D\u2019Oro","raw_affiliation_strings":["GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021405467","display_name":"Oretta Finco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8652-6534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8652-6534"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oretta Finco","raw_affiliation_strings":["GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070738877","display_name":"Ennio De Gregorio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7706-0162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7706-0162"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ennio De Gregorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086124703"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3202,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":449,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9551559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"213","issue":"4","first_page":"469","last_page":"481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-vaccinology","display_name":"reverse vaccinology","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-antigen-design","display_name":"vaccine antigen design","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-antibodies","display_name":"human antibodies","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-cell-repertoire","display_name":"B cell receptor repertoire","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-epitopes","display_name":"protective epitopes","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-antigen","display_name":"protective antigen","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-discovery","display_name":"vaccine discovery","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-immunology","display_name":"human immunology","score":0.492000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781152039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318278","display_name":"Reverse vaccinology","level":4,"score":0.970111608505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.6290618777275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.6153935194015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195616568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128711","display_name":"Epitope","level":3,"score":0.6080400943756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5920945405960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.47277095913887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.4516042470932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24432333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068526","display_name":"Whole genome sequencing","level":4,"score":0.42229288816452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.30082380771636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.17619767785072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.173807293176651}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000939","descriptor_name":"Epitopes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000939","descriptor_name":"Epitopes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000941","descriptor_name":"Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000941","descriptor_name":"Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014612","descriptor_name":"Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014612","descriptor_name":"Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015195","descriptor_name":"Drug Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1084/jem.20151960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20151960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20151960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22947807","display_name":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine","issn_l":"0022-1007","issn":["0022-1007","1540-9538"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315676","host_organization_name":"Rockefeller University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315676"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rockefeller University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4004859","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4821650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4821650","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4821650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:27022144","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27022144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of experimental medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4004859","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4821650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3954954852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HEALTH\u2010F4\u20102011\u2010280873","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W624853816","https://openalex.org/W820588856","https://openalex.org/W1522276317","https://openalex.org/W1533750546","https://openalex.org/W1534852475","https://openalex.org/W1545131818","https://openalex.org/W1632559253","https://openalex.org/W1805709456","https://openalex.org/W1816587284","https://openalex.org/W1915453701","https://openalex.org/W1933315991","https://openalex.org/W1969156908","https://openalex.org/W1969760654","https://openalex.org/W1971403296","https://openalex.org/W1971414812","https://openalex.org/W1978398372","https://openalex.org/W1979058462","https://openalex.org/W1981981290","https://openalex.org/W1985704471","https://openalex.org/W1985997318","https://openalex.org/W1987882653","https://openalex.org/W1988459634","https://openalex.org/W1989174077","https://openalex.org/W1989368177","https://openalex.org/W1989501142","https://openalex.org/W1989544708","https://openalex.org/W1990291720","https://openalex.org/W1998383538","https://openalex.org/W1998683102","https://openalex.org/W2000175522","https://openalex.org/W2001089308","https://openalex.org/W2002632348","https://openalex.org/W2002844537","https://openalex.org/W2004663239","https://openalex.org/W2010959676","https://openalex.org/W2011136801","https://openalex.org/W2012660080","https://openalex.org/W2015193281","https://openalex.org/W2015750714","https://openalex.org/W2016364569","https://openalex.org/W2017577931","https://openalex.org/W2018123062","https://openalex.org/W2018339091","https://openalex.org/W2022047402","https://openalex.org/W2024071167","https://openalex.org/W2038110764","https://openalex.org/W2038873256","https://openalex.org/W2040299410","https://openalex.org/W2042411936","https://openalex.org/W2043056303","https://openalex.org/W2051298245","https://openalex.org/W2051364248","https://openalex.org/W2052937459","https://openalex.org/W2056802413","https://openalex.org/W2059359501","https://openalex.org/W2061221862","https://openalex.org/W2061331393","https://openalex.org/W2065962214","https://openalex.org/W2071380288","https://openalex.org/W2072220396","https://openalex.org/W2073890788","https://openalex.org/W2076198413","https://openalex.org/W2083094268","https://openalex.org/W2083637922","https://openalex.org/W2083726777","https://openalex.org/W2085577978","https://openalex.org/W2090763940","https://openalex.org/W2094048920","https://openalex.org/W2113236498","https://openalex.org/W2118274231","https://openalex.org/W2119779320","https://openalex.org/W2120949068","https://openalex.org/W2123708888","https://openalex.org/W2124672930","https://openalex.org/W2126114330","https://openalex.org/W2127258151","https://openalex.org/W2128733072","https://openalex.org/W2130737480","https://openalex.org/W2131859684","https://openalex.org/W2135151522","https://openalex.org/W2135847964","https://openalex.org/W2135858175","https://openalex.org/W2140898182","https://openalex.org/W2141848036","https://openalex.org/W2143237309","https://openalex.org/W2146439877","https://openalex.org/W2148357338","https://openalex.org/W2151727763","https://openalex.org/W2152617913","https://openalex.org/W2157210912","https://openalex.org/W2157752669","https://openalex.org/W2160578795","https://openalex.org/W2163135112","https://openalex.org/W2163413324","https://openalex.org/W2164807254","https://openalex.org/W2166730438","https://openalex.org/W2172319351","https://openalex.org/W2200798239","https://openalex.org/W2288082028","https://openalex.org/W4235859326","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292315834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969760654","https://openalex.org/W3011005748","https://openalex.org/W2025320040","https://openalex.org/W7100041170","https://openalex.org/W2115330161","https://openalex.org/W1933315991","https://openalex.org/W4235859326","https://openalex.org/W175220050","https://openalex.org/W3196311004","https://openalex.org/W114625675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditionally,":[0],"vaccines":[1,85],"have":[2],"been":[3],"developed":[4],"by":[5],"cultivating":[6],"infectious":[7],"agents":[8],"and":[9,29,63,71,76],"isolating":[10],"the":[11,36,44,49,59,64,74,81],"inactivated":[12],"whole":[13],"pathogen":[14],"or":[15],"some":[16],"of":[17,38,46,53,58,68,83],"its":[18],"purified":[19],"components.":[20],"20":[21],"years":[22],"ago,":[23],"reverse":[24],"vaccinology":[25,95],"enabled":[26],"vaccine":[27],"discovery":[28,52,82],"design":[30],"based":[31],"on":[32],"information":[33],"deriving":[34],"from":[35],"sequence":[37],"microbial":[39],"genomes":[40],"rather":[41],"than":[42],"via":[43],"growth":[45],"pathogens.":[47],"Today,":[48],"high":[50],"throughput":[51],"protective":[54,69],"human":[55],"antibodies,":[56],"sequencing":[57],"B":[60],"cell":[61],"repertoire,":[62],"increasing":[65],"structural":[66],"characterization":[67],"antigens":[70],"epitopes":[72],"provide":[73],"molecular":[75],"mechanistic":[77],"understanding":[78],"to":[79],"drive":[80],"novel":[84],"that":[86],"were":[87],"previously":[88],"impossible.":[89],"We":[90],"are":[91],"entering":[92],"a":[93],"\"reverse":[94],"2.0\"":[96],"era.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
