{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2323414946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1287865","title":"Immunologic Alterations and the Pathogenesis of Organ Failure in the ICU","display_name":"Immunologic Alterations and the Pathogenesis of Organ Failure in the ICU","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2323414946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1287865","mag":"2323414946","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21989693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1287865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1287865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193428046","display_name":"Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"1069-3424","issn":["1069-3424","1098-9048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025379878","display_name":"Steven M. Opal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven Opal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Steven_Opal@brown.edu","Department of Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Steven_Opal@brown.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025379878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4636,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8917142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"05","first_page":"569","last_page":"580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14165","display_name":"Inflammation biomarkers and pathways","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis","display_name":"sepsis","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-failure","display_name":"organ failure","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-illness","display_name":"critical illness","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-dysfunction","display_name":"immune dysfunction","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immunity","display_name":"innate immunity","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-immunity","display_name":"adaptive immunity","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myeloid-cells","display_name":"myeloid cells","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis-induced-immunosuppression","display_name":"sepsis-induced immunosuppression","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-therapy","display_name":"anti-inflammatory therapy","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunoadjuvant","display_name":"immunoadjuvant","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-response","display_name":"antimicrobial response","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coagulation-activation","display_name":"coagulation activation","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capillary-permeability","display_name":"capillary permeability","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microvascular-injury","display_name":"microvascular damage","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7951585054397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7861125469207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134","display_name":"Sepsis","level":2,"score":0.6905187368392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6741675734519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.5832316279411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778426790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649580","display_name":"Organ dysfunction","level":3,"score":0.567243754863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.5483525395393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.5317254066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.4719219207763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780835948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193870","display_name":"Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome","level":3,"score":0.443627268075943}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000276","descriptor_name":"Adjuvants, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000893","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007113","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Innate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009102","descriptor_name":"Multiple Organ Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009102","descriptor_name":"Multiple Organ Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009102","descriptor_name":"Multiple Organ Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016638","descriptor_name":"Critical Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018579","descriptor_name":"Patient Selection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056704","descriptor_name":"Adaptive Immunity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1287865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1287865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193428046","display_name":"Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"1069-3424","issn":["1069-3424","1098-9048"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21989693","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21989693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W324554965","https://openalex.org/W1969133341","https://openalex.org/W2774868879","https://openalex.org/W16026736","https://openalex.org/W2338834006","https://openalex.org/W2291583417","https://openalex.org/W2068607128","https://openalex.org/W2113279016","https://openalex.org/W2219799678","https://openalex.org/W4402246646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"and":[1,6,16,42,48,51,59,76,90],"marked":[2],"alterations":[3,198],"of":[4,26,94,138,148,194],"innate":[5],"adaptive":[7],"immunity":[8,53],"typify":[9],"the":[10,24,95,104,144,191,195],"host":[11],"response":[12,62,97],"to":[13,23,63,68,98,160,163,179,204],"systemic":[14],"infection":[15],"acute":[17,181],"inflammatory":[18,96,182],"states.":[19],"Immune":[20],"dysfunction":[21],"contributes":[22],"development":[25,178],"organ":[27,91,205],"failure":[28,206],"in":[29,107,124,129,167,177,199,207],"most":[30],"patients":[31,110,126],"with":[32,111],"critical":[33,200,208],"illness.":[34,209],"The":[35],"molecular":[36],"mechanisms":[37],"by":[38],"which":[39],"microbial":[40,64],"pathogens":[41],"tissue":[43,100],"injury":[44],"activate":[45],"myeloid":[46],"cells":[47],"prime":[49],"cellular":[50],"humoral":[52],"are":[54,175],"increasingly":[55],"understood.":[56],"An":[57],"early":[58],"effective":[60,71],"immune":[61,140,145,165,185,197],"invasion":[65],"is":[66,132],"essential":[67],"mount":[69],"an":[70],"antimicrobial":[72,105],"response.":[73],"However,":[74],"unchecked":[75],"nonresolving":[77],"inflammation":[78],"can":[79,142],"induce":[80],"diffuse":[81],"vasodilation,":[82],"increased":[83],"capillary":[84],"permeability,":[85],"microvascular":[86],"damage,":[87,101],"coagulation":[88],"activation,":[89],"dysfunction.":[92],"Control":[93],"limit":[99],"yet":[102],"retain":[103],"responses":[106],"critically":[108],"ill":[109],"severe":[112],"infection,":[113],"has":[114],"been":[115],"sought":[116],"for":[117],"decades.":[118],"Anti-inflammatory":[119],"approaches":[120],"might":[121,158],"be":[122,159],"beneficial":[123],"some":[125],"but":[127],"detrimental":[128],"others.":[130],"It":[131],"now":[133],"clear":[134],"that":[135,202],"a":[136,154],"state":[137],"sepsis-induced":[139],"suppression":[141],"follow":[143],"activation":[146],"phase":[147],"sepsis.":[149],"In":[150],"carefully":[151],"selected":[152],"patients,":[153],"better":[155],"therapeutic":[156],"strategy":[157],"provide":[161],"immunoadjuvants":[162],"reconstitute":[164],"function":[166],"intensive":[168],"care":[169],"unit":[170],"(ICU)":[171],"patients.":[172],"Proresolving":[173],"agents":[174],"also":[176],"terminate":[180],"reactions":[183],"without":[184],"suppression.":[186],"This":[187],"brief":[188],"review":[189],"summarizes":[190],"current":[192],"understanding":[193],"fundamental":[196],"illness":[201],"lead":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
