{"id":"https://openalex.org/W232290069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00026129","title":"Cost-Effective Long-Term Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control with Herbicides","display_name":"Cost-Effective Long-Term Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control with Herbicides","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W232290069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00026129","mag":"232290069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0890037x00026129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00026129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00026129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128479783","display_name":"Weed Technology","issn_l":"0890-037X","issn":["0890-037X","1550-2740"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Weed Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034528948","display_name":"Rodney G. Lym","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodney G. Lym","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crop and Weed Sci. Dep., N. D. State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crop and Weed Sci. Dep., N. D. State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113556788","display_name":"Calvin G. Messersmith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calvin G. Messersmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crop and Weed Sci. Dep., N. D. State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crop and Weed Sci. Dep., N. D. State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2884,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93130625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"635","last_page":"641"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12701","display_name":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13591","display_name":"Pasture and Agricultural Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leafy-spurge","display_name":"Euphorbia esula","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-use","display_name":"herbicide application","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/picloram","display_name":"picloram","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-4-d","display_name":"2,4-D","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dicamba","display_name":"dicamba","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forage-production","display_name":"forage production","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"weed control","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-returns","display_name":"net returns","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-dakota","display_name":"North Dakota","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424662","display_name":"Picloram","level":2,"score":0.8694584369659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781451354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508901","display_name":"Leafy","level":2,"score":0.7347272038459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424684","display_name":"Dicamba","level":3,"score":0.7321510314941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6621479988098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377214","display_name":"Forage","level":2,"score":0.5845044255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4934171736240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776451879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292038","display_name":"Infestation","level":2,"score":0.45043209195137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130989795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3364870","display_name":"Rangeland","level":2,"score":0.4364158511161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.36745670437812805}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0890037x00026129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00026129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00026129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128479783","display_name":"Weed Technology","issn_l":"0890-037X","issn":["0890-037X","1550-2740"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Weed Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.4390000104904175}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W965919200","https://openalex.org/W968507951","https://openalex.org/W983708699","https://openalex.org/W1039901846","https://openalex.org/W1044033295","https://openalex.org/W1454926625","https://openalex.org/W1565483966","https://openalex.org/W1598517557","https://openalex.org/W2296948304","https://openalex.org/W2507454660","https://openalex.org/W2609791889","https://openalex.org/W2790498136","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6633648640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2507454660","https://openalex.org/W992860479","https://openalex.org/W7057897432","https://openalex.org/W2274641465","https://openalex.org/W1454926625","https://openalex.org/W7209450515","https://openalex.org/W6987386056","https://openalex.org/W933816840","https://openalex.org/W1543917981","https://openalex.org/W3194982648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Four":[0],"herbicide":[1],"treatments":[2,29],"applied":[3,76,146],"in":[4,18,47,64,78,90,126,136,178],"the":[5,32,48,65,79],"spring":[6,49,80],"or":[7,50],"fall":[8,51],"were":[9],"evaluated":[10],"for":[11],"leafy":[12,33,100,111],"spurge":[13,34,101,112],"control":[14,113,154],"and":[15,20,52,88,92,97,119,165],"forage":[16,168],"production":[17,164],"eastern":[19,91,127],"western":[21,93,137],"North":[22,94,128,138],"Dakota":[23],"during":[24],"a":[25,83,121,131,172],"5-yr":[26],"experiment.":[27],"All":[28],"gradually":[30],"reduced":[31],"infestation":[35],"at":[36,41,56,104,141],"both":[37],"locations":[38],"except":[39],"2,4-D":[40,55,75],"2.2":[42,105],"kg":[43,60,106,143],"ae":[44,61,144],"ha-1applied":[45,62],"annually":[46,63,77],"picloram":[53,73],"plus":[54,58,74],"0.28":[57],"1.1":[59],"fall.":[66],"The":[67],"most":[68],"cost":[69,176],"effective":[70,177],"treatment":[71,174],"was":[72],"which":[81],"provided":[82,120],"net":[84,122,132,158],"return":[85,123],"of":[86,124,134,160,167],"$284":[87],"$108/ha":[89],"Dakota,":[95,129],"respectively,":[96],"averaged":[98],"80%":[99],"control.":[102],"Picloram":[103],"ha-1was":[107,145],"reapplied":[108],"only":[109],"when":[110],"declined":[114],"to":[115,148,151],"less":[116],"than":[117],"70%":[118,153],"$96/ha":[125],"but":[130],"loss":[133,159],"$235/ha":[135],"Dakota.":[139],"Dicamba":[140],"9":[142],"up":[147],"four":[149],"times":[150],"maintain":[152],"with":[155],"an":[156],"average":[157],"$458/ha.":[161],"Total":[162],"potential":[163],"value":[166],"will":[169],"determine":[170],"if":[171],"specific":[173],"is":[175],"any":[179],"one":[180],"location.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}