{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2322363552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684005","title":"The Clean Water Rule: defining the scope of the Clean Water Act","display_name":"The Clean Water Rule: defining the scope of the Clean Water Act","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2322363552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684005","mag":"2322363552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/684005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490919458","display_name":"Freshwater Science","issn_l":"2161-9549","issn":["2161-9549","2161-9565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Freshwater Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040401640","display_name":"Charles P. Hawkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-0248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-0248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles P. Hawkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Watershed Sciences, the Western Center for Monitoring and Assessment of Freshwater Ecosystems, and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5210 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Watershed Sciences, the Western Center for Monitoring and Assessment of Freshwater Ecosystems, and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5210 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040401640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.5816,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99115824,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"1585","last_page":"1587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.6518999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.6518999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14178","display_name":"Environmental Science and Water Management","score":0.09780000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13916","display_name":"Environmental Policies and Emissions","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clean-water-rule","display_name":"Clean Water Rule","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clean-water-act","display_name":"Clean Water Act","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetlands","display_name":"wetlands","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ephemeral-streams","display_name":"ephemeral streams","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preliminary-injunction","display_name":"preliminary injunction","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-s-army-corps-of-engineers","display_name":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protection-agency","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetland-conservation","display_name":"wetland conservation","score":0.3370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777875673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2978742","display_name":"Clean Water Act","level":3,"score":0.913589596748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994102451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7892","display_name":"Clean water","level":2,"score":0.7133159637451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778467254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5130596","display_name":"Clean-up","level":3,"score":0.6079152822494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5414836406707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5289611220359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35663241147994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.35410627722740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3263666033744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.21684345602989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20425179600715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.18069255352020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1489488184452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1263304054737091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11916366219520569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.08239573240280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/684005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490919458","display_name":"Freshwater Science","issn_l":"2161-9549","issn":["2161-9549","2161-9565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Freshwater Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7778000235557556,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309198","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337538","display_name":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177699680","https://openalex.org/W1905964007","https://openalex.org/W2102310178","https://openalex.org/W2137734568","https://openalex.org/W2147347890","https://openalex.org/W2168174304","https://openalex.org/W2260891919","https://openalex.org/W2294183323","https://openalex.org/W3124309461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2342007533","https://openalex.org/W1813642836","https://openalex.org/W2597542334","https://openalex.org/W7157514095","https://openalex.org/W1119513872","https://openalex.org/W2512941117","https://openalex.org/W2260891919","https://openalex.org/W2754821683","https://openalex.org/W2603647239","https://openalex.org/W3011538644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0,1649],"articleNext":[1,1650],"article":[2,1651],"FreeBridges*The":[3],"Clean":[4,12,76,132,148,189,326,394,1101,1129,1164,1277,1324,1342,1735],"Water":[5,13,77,93,133,149,190,227,327,395,1102,1124,1130,1151,1165,1278,1325,1343,1537,1564,1736,1870,1902,1931],"Rule:":[6,1301],"defining":[7],"the":[8,11,22,33,74,81,87,90,116,123,131,147,162,173,188,212,224,244,283,289,300,313,325,332,336,341,355,360,366,370,376,387,393,400,406,415,427,434,438,447,451,477,481,496,521,526,533,551,559,562,567,570,585,592,600,621,665,710,714,759,765,812,832,857,894,912,923,959,1020,1024,1044,1056,1064,1067,1083,1088,1092,1100,1128,1147,1156,1163,1197,1209,1276,1298,1318,1323,1341,1493,1496,1535,1557,1635,1665,1693,1716,1734,1868],"scope":[9,568,813,1211],"of":[10,19,29,86,127,146,170,172,187,199,235,335,345,365,369,378,405,410,433,446,480,525,561,569,573,579,623,697,713,758,761,764,783,816,825,835,863,897,914,950,956,1004,1019,1058,1066,1079,1091,1133,1146,1150,1179,1182,1189,1199,1212,1273,1297,1352,1368,1419,1469,1495,1525,1534,1556,1563,1567,1596,1603,1623,1634,1664,1706,1720,1745,1766,1858,1867,1952,1975],"ActCharles":[14],"P.":[15,17,1401,1450],"HawkinsCharles":[16],"Hawkins1Department":[18],"Watershed":[20],"Sciences,":[21],"Western":[23],"Center":[24],"for":[25,47,192,537,637,708,972,1153,1196,1249,1322,1667,1687,1780],"Monitoring":[26],"and":[27,32,102,122,161,229,252,276,293,309,316,319,347,389,419,425,430,483,523,626,673,683,687,726,732,751,755,787,831,840,853,860,867,906,909,939,952,954,974,1009,1047,1054,1061,1073,1075,1097,1127,1173,1201,1259,1270,1304,1335,1354,1371,1409,1416,1421,1458,1466,1472,1475,1484,1518,1565,1569,1588,1599,1601,1605,1625,1632,1708,1733,1741,1797,1860,1912,1948],"Assessment":[28],"Freshwater":[30,1306,1327,1654,1668,1688],"Ecosystems,":[31],"Ecology":[34],"Center,":[35],"Utah":[36,40,1134,1148],"State":[37,1135],"University,":[38],"Logan,":[39],"84322-5210":[41],"USA2E-mail":[42],"addresses:":[43],"[email":[44],"protected]":[45],"Search":[46],"more":[48,616,702],"articles":[49,1695],"by":[50,73,255,340,828,1116,1653,1684,1960],"this":[51,108,239,304,1183,1218,1697],"author":[52],"PDFPDF":[53],"PLUSFull":[54],"Text":[55],"Add":[56],"to":[57,69,136,142,181,184,210,242,282,297,324,383,386,473,488,500,504,520,539,584,595,620,664,669,743,748,780,801,925,1070,1082,1192,1204,1225,1492,1528,1627,1768,1862],"favoritesDownload":[58],"CitationTrack":[59],"CitationsPermissionsReprints":[60],"Share":[61],"onFacebookTwitterLinked":[62],"InRedditEmailQR":[63],"Code":[64],"SectionsMoreWhat":[65],"waters":[66,139,380,454,470,502,598,602,631,641,661,681,694,739,763,791,827,865,927,934,1021,1032,1036],"are":[67,140,381,625,627,662,667,691,741,846,929,962,1029],"subject":[68,141,385,472,487,503,519,663,742],"federal":[70,208,474,505,943],"regulatory":[71,684,711,768,944],"protection":[72,672,773,817,824,1060,1349],"US":[75,117,124,342,961,1291,1571,1607,1639],"Act":[78,96,1344],"(CWA)?":[79],"Over":[80],"43":[82],"y":[83],"since":[84],"passage":[85,560],"CWA":[88,143,402,439,586,629,666,727,744,924,1068],"(formally":[89],"1972":[91],"Federal":[92,767],"Pollution":[94],"Control":[95],"[33":[97],"U.S.C.":[98],"\u00a7\u00a71251\u20131387])":[99],"little":[100,805,1373],"clarity":[101,619],"less":[103],"consensus":[104],"has":[105,374,440],"emerged":[106],"regarding":[107,566,659,1155],"fundamental":[109],"question.":[110],"However,":[111,437,555],"on":[112,158,218,223,460,464,577,900,1123,1662,1979],"29":[113],"June":[114],"2015,":[115,202],"Environmental":[118,1292,1355,1546,1572,1582,1608,1618,1640,1919],"Protection":[119,1293,1547,1573,1583,1609,1619,1641],"Agency":[120],"(EPA)":[121],"Army":[125],"Corps":[126],"Engineers":[128],"(ACE)":[129],"published":[130],"Rule":[134,150,191,396,1103],"(https://federalregister.gov/a/2015-13435)":[135],"clarify":[137],"which":[138,349,469,484,597,680,709,722],"protection.":[144],"Publication":[145],"created":[151],"immediate,":[152],"passionate":[153],"political":[154,287,1229],"debates,":[155],"largely":[156,298],"focused":[157,576],"whether":[159,640,770],"EPA":[160,183,343,830,1560,1593],"ACE":[163],"overstepped":[164],"their":[165,850],"jurisdiction.":[166,506],"Within":[167],"5":[168,1726],"d":[169],"publication":[171],"rule,":[174],"attorneys":[175],"general":[176,845],"from":[177,942,1222,1904],"31":[178,1120],"states":[179,204,260,747,809,833,1158],"planned":[180],"ask":[182],"delay":[185],"implementation":[186],"at":[193,1317],"least":[194],"9":[195],"mo":[196],"(http://www.courthousenews.com/2015/08/03/thirty-one-states-fight-clean-water-rule.htm).":[197],"As":[198,234,589],"10":[200],"August":[201,220,1676,1679],"13":[203,219,259],"had":[205],"asked":[206],"a":[207,444,590,643,1105,1117,1186,1194,1213,1376,1553,1956],"judge":[209],"block":[211],"rule":[213,245,301,362,701],"(http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_28615224/13-states-want-judge-block-new-federal-water).":[214],"A":[215,507,1630],"Google\u00ae":[216],"search":[217],"2015":[221,1122,1660,1681,1683],"based":[222,458],"keywords":[225],"\"Clean":[226],"Rule\"":[228],"\"lawsuits\"":[230],"produced":[231],"22,500":[232],"results.":[233],"8":[236],"September,":[237],"when":[238],"paper":[240],"went":[241],"press,":[243],"was":[246,253,495,510,516,655,1069,1114],"in":[247,249,258,354,363,399,414,450,532,548,695,810,844,849,882,958,963,1023,1043,1161,1217,1275,1285,1310,1331,1359,1381,1427,1479,1501,1530,1542,1578,1614,1646,1715,1739,1777,1915,1955],"effect":[248],"37":[250],"states,":[251],"stayed":[254],"preliminary":[256],"injunction":[257],"(Alaska,":[261],"Arizona,":[262],"Arkansas,":[263,1916],"Colorado,":[264],"Idaho,":[265],"Missouri,":[266],"Montana,":[267],"Nebraska,":[268],"Nevada,":[269],"New":[270],"Mexico,":[271],"North":[272,1742],"Dakota,":[273,275,1743],"South":[274],"Wyoming)":[277],"(http://www2.epa.gov/cleanwaterrule/clean-water-rule-litigation-statement).":[278],"In":[279],"bright":[280],"contrast":[281],"well":[284],"publicized,":[285],"negative":[286],"reaction,":[288],"aquatic":[290,448,670,884,1080,1223],"resource":[291,682,1048],"science":[292,373,1057],"management":[294],"communities":[295],"appear":[296],"support":[299,1321],"(e.g.,":[302,550],"http://www.freshwater-science.org/Policy/files/SFS_WOTUS_EPA-HQ-OW-2011-0880.pdf).In":[303],"BRIDGES":[305,1112,1253],"cluster,":[306],"Laurie":[307,1169],"Alexander":[308,329],"Robert":[310,1167],"Adler":[311,357],"describe":[312],"scientific":[314,337,461,1214,1320,1636],"evidence":[315],"legal":[317,367,391,465],"history":[318,368],"reasoning,":[320],"respectively,":[321],"that":[322,467,740,838,854,890,928,935,948,1017,1034,1110],"led":[323],"Rule.":[328,1166,1326],"(2015)":[330,358],"describes":[331],"exhaustive":[333],"review":[334,1631],"literature":[338],"conducted":[339],"Office":[344,1562,1566,1595,1602],"Research":[346,1568,1604,1749],"Development,":[348,1570,1606],"informed":[350,375],"specific":[351],"policy":[352],"recommendations":[353],"rule.":[356],"puts":[359],"new":[361,700,1295],"context":[364],"CWA,":[371,388,563],"how":[372,688,784],"evolution":[377],"what":[379,390,624,660],"considered":[382],"be":[384,772,777,979,1071,1240],"challenges":[392,1157],"may":[397,613,792,978,1159,1239],"face":[398,1160],"future.The":[401],"is":[403,422,639,834,886,1104,1185],"one":[404],"most":[407],"important":[408,668,888],"pieces":[409],"environmental":[411,1059,1980],"legislation":[412],"enacted":[413],"USA.":[416],"Its":[417],"original":[418,497],"continuing":[420],"goal":[421],"\"to":[423],"restore":[424,752,1076],"maintain":[426],"chemical,":[428,859],"physical,":[429],"biological":[431,965,996,1236],"integrity":[432,862],"Nation's":[435],"waters\".":[436],"jurisdiction":[441],"over":[442,605],"only":[443,779],"subset":[445],"ecosystems":[449,1081],"nation.":[452],"Jurisdictional":[453],"were":[455,471,486],"originally":[456],"identified":[457,989],"not":[459,628,656,1030,1039],"concepts":[462],"but":[463,652,804,1207],"doctrine":[466],"defined":[468,511],"regulation":[475],"under":[476,1087],"Commerce":[478,1089],"Clause":[479,1090],"Constitution":[482,1093],"ones":[485],"state":[489],"laws":[490],"(Adler":[491,587,632,1094],"2013,":[492,1095],"2015).":[493,588,633,877],"Navigability":[494],"threshold":[498],"used":[499,531,594,1776],"identify":[501],"water":[508,706,842,1953],"body":[509],"as":[512,581,1346],"navigable":[513,547,580,648,864,931,1031],"if":[514],"it":[515,582,771],"either:":[517],"1)":[518],"ebb":[522],"flow":[524],"tide;":[527],"2)":[528],"presently":[529],"used,":[530],"past,":[534],"or":[535,542,545,649,774,798,814,991,1234,1242],"susceptible":[536],"use":[538],"transport":[540],"interstate":[541,650],"foreign":[543],"commerce;":[544],"3)":[546],"fact":[549,1016],"Great":[552,1798],"Salt":[553,1799],"Lake).":[554],"starting":[556],"soon":[557],"after":[558],"disagreements":[564,575],"occurred":[565],"CWA.":[571],"Many":[572],"these":[574,797],"interpretation":[578],"applied":[583,778],"result,":[591],"criteria":[593],"define":[596],"constitute":[599,893],"nation's":[601,1558],"have":[603,614,642,1038],"evolved":[604],"time.":[606],"Three":[607],"relatively":[608],"recent":[609],"Supreme":[610],"Court":[611],"rulings":[612],"brought":[615],"confusion":[617],"than":[618,983],"definition":[622],"jurisdictional":[630,676,781],"The":[634,699,821,878,987,1015,1268,1463,1523,1685,1764],"current":[635],"criterion":[636],"inclusion":[638],"significant":[644,653,937],"nexus":[645,654],"with":[646,994,1247,1712],"traditional":[647],"waters,":[651,803],"defined.Legal":[657],"definitions":[658],"ecosystem":[671,916,1348],"restoration":[674],"because":[675],"status":[677,1782],"can":[678,776,795],"influence":[679,856],"agencies":[685],"monitor":[686],"monetary":[689],"resources":[690],"allocated":[692],"among":[693,808],"need":[696],"restoration.":[698,1062],"clearly":[703],"identifies":[704,737],"those":[705,738,926],"bodies":[707,843],"mechanisms":[712],"National":[715,1025,1550,1586],"Pollutant":[716],"Discharge":[717],"Elimination":[718],"System":[719],"(CWA":[720],"\u00a7402,":[721],"regulates":[723,730],"point-source":[724],"discharges)":[725],"\u00a7404":[728],"(which":[729],"dredging":[731],"filling)":[733],"apply.":[734],"It":[735],"also":[736],"\u00a7\u00a7303":[745],"(requires":[746],"set":[749],"standards":[750],"impaired":[753],"waters)":[754],"305(b)":[756],"(reporting":[757],"condition":[760,966],"all":[762,1077],"USA).":[766],"action,":[769],"restoration,":[775],"waters\u2014regardless":[782],"much":[785],"ecological":[786,1781],"water-quality":[788],"value":[789,941],"nonjurisdictional":[790],"possess.":[793],"States":[794,1300],"extend":[796],"similar":[799],"protections":[800],"other":[802,819,1010,1226,1235],"consistency":[806],"exists":[807],"either":[811],"degree":[815],"afforded":[818],"waters.":[820],"past":[822],"inconsistent":[823],"nonnavigable":[826,1035],"both":[829],"concern":[836],"given":[837,889],"headwaters":[839],"small":[841,883,907,1369],"ecologically":[847],"valuable":[848],"own":[851],"right":[852],"they":[855],"biological,":[858],"physical":[861,999],"(Lowe":[866],"Likens":[868],"2005,":[869],"Meyer":[870],"et":[871,903,919],"al.":[872,904,920],"2007,":[873],"Downing":[874],"2010,":[875,968,1013],"USEPA":[876],"high":[879],"biodiversity":[880,938,1529],"found":[881],"habitats":[885],"especially":[887],"headwater":[891,1490,1526],"streams":[892,951,973,1420,1491,1527,1589,1624],"vast":[895],"majority":[896,913],"stream":[898],"length":[899],"Earth":[901],"(Downing":[902,918],"2012)":[905],"ponds":[908],"lakes":[910,957,1370],"represent":[911],"lentic":[915,1767],"area":[917],"2006).":[921],"Limiting":[922],"strictly":[930],"could":[932],"exclude":[933],"harbor":[936],"functional":[940],"protection.Recent":[945],"estimates":[946,971],"indicate":[947,976],"<21%":[949],"rivers":[953,975,1587],"56%":[955],"conterminous":[960],"good":[964],"(USEPA":[967,985,1012],"2013).":[969,986,1014],"Initial":[970],"conditions":[977,997],"becoming":[980],"worse":[981],"rather":[982],"improving":[984],"primary":[988],"stressors":[990],"pollutants":[992,1011],"associated":[993],"degraded":[995],"include":[998],"habitat":[1000,1770],"alteration,":[1001],"excessive":[1002,1006],"levels":[1003],"nutrients,":[1005],"fine":[1007],"sediments,":[1008],"many":[1018],"included":[1022],"Aquatic":[1026,1910],"Resource":[1027],"Surveys":[1028],"indicates":[1033],"generally":[1037],"been":[1040],"adequately":[1041],"protected":[1042],"past.":[1045],"Researchers":[1046],"managers":[1049],"expend":[1050],"considerable":[1051],"effort":[1052],"developing":[1053],"refining":[1055],"If":[1063],"intent":[1065],"inclusive":[1072],"protect":[1074],"types":[1078],"fullest":[1084],"extent":[1085],"permissible":[1086],"Doremus":[1096],"Tarlock":[1098],"2013),":[1099],"critical":[1106],"step":[1107],"toward":[1108],"realizing":[1109],"goal.AcknowledgementsThis":[1111],"cluster":[1113],"motivated":[1115],"symposium":[1118],"held":[1119],"March":[1121],"Body":[1125],"Connectivity":[1126,1622,1857],"Act,":[1131],"part":[1132],"University's":[1136],"annual":[1137],"Spring":[1138],"Runoff":[1139],"Conference.":[1140],"I":[1141],"thank":[1142],"Walter":[1143],"Baker,":[1144],"Director":[1145],"Division":[1149],"Quality,":[1152],"discussions":[1154],"implementing":[1162],"Adler,":[1168],"Alexander,":[1170,1805],"Allison":[1171,1260],"Roy,":[1172],"Ashley":[1174,1255],"Moerke":[1175,1256],"provided":[1176],"constructive":[1177],"criticism":[1178],"different":[1180],"drafts":[1181],"paper.Notes*BRIDGES":[1184],"recurring":[1187],"feature":[1188],"FWS":[1190,1205],"intended":[1191],"provide":[1193],"forum":[1195],"interchange":[1198],"ideas":[1200,1248],"information":[1202],"relevant":[1203],"readers,":[1206],"beyond":[1208],"usual":[1210],"paper.":[1215],"Articles":[1216],"series":[1219],"will":[1220],"bridge":[1221],"ecology":[1224],"disciplines,":[1227],"e.g.,":[1228],"science,":[1230],"economics,":[1231],"education,":[1232],"chemistry,":[1233],"sciences.":[1237],"Papers":[1238],"complementary":[1241],"take":[1243],"alternative":[1244],"viewpoints.":[1245],"Authors":[1246],"topics":[1250],"should":[1251],"contact":[1252],"Co-Editors,":[1254],"([email":[1257,1262],"protected])":[1258],"Roy":[1261],"protected]).Literature":[1263],"CitedAdler,":[1264],"R.":[1265,1288,1403,1444,1828,1831],"W.":[1266,1289,1406,1447,1482],"2013.":[1267,1339,1585],"decline":[1269],"(possible)":[1271],"renewal":[1272],"aspiration":[1274],"Act.":[1279],"Washington":[1280],"Law":[1281,1356],"Review":[1282],"88:759\u2013812.First":[1283],"citation":[1284,1309,1330,1358,1380,1426,1478,1500,1541,1577,1613,1645],"articleGoogle":[1286,1360,1579,1615,1647],"ScholarAdler,":[1287],"2015.":[1290,1315,1621],"Agency's":[1294],"Waters":[1296,1424],"United":[1299,1917],"connecting":[1302],"law":[1303],"science.":[1305],"Science":[1307,1316,1328,1655,1669,1725,1920],"34:1595\u20131600.First":[1308],"articleLinkGoogle":[1311,1332],"ScholarAlexander,":[1312],"L.":[1313,1410,1441,1507,1513],"C.":[1314,1389,1438,1804,1813,1822],"boundaries:":[1319],"34:1588\u20131594.First":[1329],"ScholarDoremus,":[1333],"H.,":[1334,1483],"A.":[1336,1363,1390,1810],"D.":[1337,1506,1834],"Tarlock.":[1338],"Can":[1340],"succeed":[1345],"an":[1347],"law?":[1350],"Journal":[1351,1533,1719,1744,1866],"Energy":[1353,1985],"4:46\u201366.First":[1357],"ScholarDowning,":[1361,1383,1429],"J.":[1362,1384,1386,1387,1392,1393,1395,1411,1430,1435,1436,1442,1455,1459,1504,1509,1852],"2010.":[1364,1549],"Emerging":[1365],"global":[1366,1464],"role":[1367],"ponds:":[1372],"things":[1374],"mean":[1375],"lot.":[1377],"Limn\u00e9tica":[1378],"29:9\u201324.First":[1379],"articleCrossrefGoogle":[1382,1428,1480,1502,1543],"A.,":[1385,1431],"Cole,":[1388,1437],"Duarte,":[1391,1440],"Middelburg,":[1394],"M.":[1396,1439,1456,1460,1807],"Melack,":[1397,1457],"Y.":[1398,1432],"T.":[1399,1433],"Prairie,":[1400,1434],"Kortelainen,":[1402,1451],"G.":[1404,1445,1485,1515,1825,1837,1840],"Striegl,":[1405,1446],"H.":[1407,1448],"McDowell,":[1408,1449],"Tranvik.":[1412],"2012.":[1413],"Global":[1414],"abundance":[1415,1465],"size":[1417,1467],"distribution":[1418,1468],"rivers.":[1422],"Inland":[1423],"2:229\u2013236.First":[1425],"Tranvik,":[1443],"N.":[1452,1519,1900],"F.":[1453],"Caraco,":[1454],"Middelburg.":[1461],"2006.":[1462],"lakes,":[1470],"ponds,":[1471],"impoundments.":[1473],"Limnology":[1474],"Oceanography":[1476],"51:2388\u20132397.First":[1477],"ScholarLowe,":[1481],"E.":[1486,1520,1816,1819,1846,1928],"Likens.":[1487],"2005.":[1488],"Moving":[1489],"head":[1494],"class.":[1497],"BioScience":[1498],"55:196\u2013197.First":[1499],"ScholarMeyer,":[1503],"L.,":[1505],"Strayer,":[1508],"B.":[1510],"Wallace,":[1511],"S.":[1512,1516],"Eggert,":[1514],"Helfman,":[1517],"Leonard.":[1521],"2007.":[1522],"contribution":[1524],"river":[1531,1959],"networks.":[1532],"American":[1536,1869],"Resources":[1538,1747,1871],"Association":[1539,1872],"43:86\u2013103.First":[1540],"ScholarUSEPA":[1544,1580,1616],"(US":[1545,1581,1617],"Agency).":[1548,1584,1620],"Lakes":[1551],"Assessment:":[1552],"collaborative":[1554],"survey":[1555],"lakes.":[1559],"841-R-09-001.":[1561],"Agency,":[1574,1610,1642],"Washington,":[1575,1611,1643],"DC.First":[1576,1612,1644],"assessment":[1590],"2008\u20132009":[1591],"(draft).":[1592],"841-D-13-001.":[1594],"Wetlands,":[1597],"Oceans":[1598],"Watersheds":[1600],"wetlands":[1626],"downstream":[1628],"waters:":[1629],"synthesis":[1633],"evidence.":[1637],"EPA-600-R-14-475F.":[1638],"Scholar":[1648],"DetailsFiguresReferencesCited":[1652],"Volume":[1656],"34,":[1657],"Number":[1658],"4December":[1659],"Published":[1661],"behalf":[1663],"Society":[1666,1686],"Article":[1670],"DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/684005HistoryPublished":[1671],"online":[1672],"September":[1673],"11,":[1674],"2015Received":[1675],"05,":[1677],"2015Accepted":[1678],"24,":[1680],"\u00a9":[1682],"Science.PDF":[1689],"download":[1690],"Crossref":[1691],"reports":[1692],"following":[1694],"citing":[1696],"article:Md":[1698],"Mamun,":[1699],"Namsrai":[1700],"Jargal,":[1701],"Kwang-Guk":[1702],"An":[1703,1982],"Spatio-temporal":[1704],"characterization":[1705],"nutrient":[1707],"organic":[1709],"pollution":[1710],"along":[1711],"nutrient-chlorophyll-a":[1713],"dynamics":[1714],"geum":[1717],"river,":[1718],"King":[1721],"Saud":[1722],"University":[1723],"-":[1724],"(Aug":[1727],"2022):":[1728],"102270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102270Robert":[1729],"Hearne":[1730],"Cooperative":[1731],"Federalism":[1732],"Act:":[1737],"Implementation":[1738],"Minnesota":[1740],"Natural":[1746],"Policy":[1748,1986],"10,":[1750],"no.11":[1751,1965],"(Oct":[1752,1787],"2021):":[1753],"1\u201321.https://doi.org/10.5325/naturesopolirese.10.1.0001Andrea":[1754],"Buffagni,":[1755],"Stefania":[1756],"Erba,":[1757],"Marcello":[1758],"Cazzola,":[1759],"Emanuele":[1760],"Barca,":[1761],"Carlo":[1762],"Belfiore":[1763],"ratio":[1765],"lotic":[1769],"features":[1771],"strongly":[1772],"affects":[1773],"macroinvertebrate":[1774],"metrics":[1775],"southern":[1778],"Europe":[1779],"classification,":[1783],"Ecological":[1784],"Indicators":[1785],"117":[1786],"2020):":[1788,1802],"106563.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106563Bonnie":[1789],"K.":[1790,1793,1849],"Baxter,":[1791],"Jaimi":[1792],"Butler":[1794],"Climate":[1795],"Change":[1796],"Lake,":[1800],"(Jul":[1801,1966],"23\u201352.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40352-2_2Laurie":[1803],"Ken":[1806],"Fritz,":[1808],"Kate":[1809],"Schofield,":[1811],"Bradley":[1812],"Autrey,":[1814],"Julie":[1815],"DeMeester,":[1817],"Heather":[1818],"Golden,":[1820],"David":[1821],"Goodrich,":[1823],"William":[1824],"Kepner,":[1826],"Hadas":[1827],"Kiperwas,":[1829],"Charles":[1830],"Lane,":[1832],"Stephen":[1833],"LeDuc,":[1835],"Scott":[1836],"Leibowitz,":[1838],"Michael":[1839],"McManus,":[1841],"Amina":[1842],"I.":[1843],"Pollard,":[1844],"Caroline":[1845],"Ridley,":[1847],"Melanie":[1848],"Vanderhoof,":[1850],"Parker":[1851],"Wigington":[1853],"Featured":[1854],"Collection":[1855],"Introduction:":[1856],"Streams":[1859],"Wetlands":[1861],"Downstream":[1863],"Waters,":[1864],"JAWRA":[1865],"54,":[1873],"no.22":[1874],"(Mar":[1875],"2018):":[1876,1926],"287\u2013297.https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12630Sally":[1877],"Entrekin,":[1878],"Anne":[1879],"Trainor,":[1880],"James":[1881],"Saiers,":[1882],"Lauren":[1883],"Patterson,":[1884],"Kelly":[1885],"Maloney,":[1886],"Joseph":[1887,1889,1899],"Fargione,":[1888],"Kiesecker,":[1890],"Sharon":[1891],"Baruch-Mordo,":[1892],"Katherine":[1893],"Konschnik,":[1894],"Hannah":[1895],"Wiseman,":[1896],"Jean-Philippe":[1897],"Nicot,":[1898],"Ryan":[1901],"Stress":[1903],"High-Volume":[1905],"Hydraulic":[1906],"Fracturing":[1907],"Potentially":[1908],"Threatens":[1909],"Biodiversity":[1911],"Ecosystem":[1913],"Services":[1914],"States,":[1918],"&":[1921],"Technology":[1922],"52,":[1923],"no.44":[1924],"(Jan":[1925],"2349\u20132358.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03304David":[1927],"McNabb":[1929],"Managing":[1930],"Conflicts,":[1932],"(Jun":[1933],"2017):":[1934],"187\u2013213.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54816-6_8Jianfeng":[1935],"Liu,":[1936],"Xiang":[1937],"Zhang,":[1938],"Jun":[1939],"Xia,":[1940],"Shaofei":[1941],"Wu,":[1942],"Dunxian":[1943],"She,":[1944],"Lei":[1945],"Zou":[1946],"Characterizing":[1947],"explaining":[1949],"spatio-temporal":[1950],"variation":[1951],"quality":[1954],"highly":[1957],"disturbed":[1958],"multi-statistical":[1961],"techniques,":[1962],"SpringerPlus":[1963],"5,":[1964],"2016).https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2815-zElizabeth":[1967],"Glass":[1968],"Geltman,":[1969],"Gunwant":[1970],"Gill,":[1971],"Miriam":[1972],"Jovanovic":[1973],"Impact":[1974],"Executive":[1976],"Order":[1977],"13211":[1978],"regulation:":[1981],"empirical":[1983],"study,":[1984],"89":[1987],"(Feb":[1988],"2016):":[1989],"302\u2013310.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.11.031":[1990]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
