{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2322293154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-30-6402","title":"Method for Determining Shape of Colloidal Particles; Application in Study of Tobacco Mosaic Virus","display_name":"Method for Determining Shape of Colloidal Particles; Application in Study of Tobacco Mosaic Virus","publication_year":1932,"publication_date":"1932-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2322293154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-30-6402","mag":"2322293154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3181/00379727-30-6402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-30-6402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-30-6402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67514239","display_name":"Experimental Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0071-3384","issn":["0071-3384","1535-3699","1535-3702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034271287","display_name":"William N. Takahashi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. N. Takahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111434463","display_name":"T. E. Rawlins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. E. Rawlins","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85652709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"155","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10494","display_name":"Plant Virus Research Studies","score":0.19269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10494","display_name":"Plant Virus Research Studies","score":0.19269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11379","display_name":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","score":0.1331000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12274","display_name":"Electrostatics and Colloid Interactions","score":0.10559999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-mosaic-virus","display_name":"tobacco mosaic virus","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birefringence","display_name":"birefringence","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rod-like-particles","display_name":"rod-like particles","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-orientation","display_name":"particle orientation","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199631012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205034","display_name":"Perpendicular","level":2,"score":0.6973271369934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093072","display_name":"Tube (container)","level":2,"score":0.6261852979660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5895636081695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162184086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505544","display_name":"Rod","level":3,"score":0.5609999299049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205318122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72277","display_name":"Refraction","level":2,"score":0.5115269422531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4741460680961609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4691675305366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911301","display_name":"Glass tube","level":3,"score":0.44445785880088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.437081903219223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988186910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29588829","display_name":"Long axis","level":2,"score":0.4117644429206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3693673014640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2621941566467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2073276937007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17585328221321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16757556796073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3181/00379727-30-6402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-30-6402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-30-6402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67514239","display_name":"Experimental Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0071-3384","issn":["0071-3384","1535-3699","1535-3702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7139294377","https://openalex.org/W2046634512","https://openalex.org/W2056981948","https://openalex.org/W1856505420","https://openalex.org/W2129739986","https://openalex.org/W2010458832","https://openalex.org/W3010701000","https://openalex.org/W2330884104","https://openalex.org/W1822631150","https://openalex.org/W2048919669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,30,47,54,84,107,120,130,229,254,265],"Freundlich,":[2],"when":[3,70,98],"a":[4,16,134,142,156,216],"sol":[5,135,153,190,202,238,284],"containing":[6,64,90,136],"rods,":[7],"discs,":[8],"or":[9,36,92],"leaf-shaped":[10,37,93],"colloidal":[11],"particles":[12,19,28,38,66,72,94,104,117,138,162,224],"is":[13,82,105,286],"flowing":[14,244,263,287],"through":[15,196],"tube":[17,145,200,214,250],"the":[18,23,27,31,40,43,55,71,78,85,99,103,108,113,116,121,151,158,161,165,168,174,182,189,194,197,201,204,210,213,219,223,230,237,240,246,249,266,270,281,289,292],"become":[20],"oriented":[21,49,74,227],"with":[22,50],"longest":[24,100],"axis":[25,101,221],"of":[26,33,42,80,87,102,110,115,123,146,160,173,184,212,222,232,236,248,269,291],"parallel":[29,53,106,119,228,264],"direction":[32,79,86,109,122,183],"flow.":[34,88,233],"Discs":[35],"near":[39],"walls":[41],"tubes":[44],"also":[45],"tend":[46],"be":[48,164,226,252,278],"their":[51],"faces":[52,114],"adjacent":[56],"wall.":[57],"Ambronn":[58],"and":[59,77,112,170,188,218],"Frey":[60],"reported":[61],"that":[62,132],"sols":[63],"rod-shaped":[65,137],"are":[67,73,118,243,262],"doubly":[68,282],"refractive":[69,283],"by":[75],"streaming":[76],"observation":[81],"perpendicular":[83],"Sols":[89],"discs":[91],"show":[95,178,255],"double":[96,179,256],"refraction":[97,257],"flow":[111,185,207],"observation.":[124],"The":[125],"above":[126],"phenomena":[127],"led":[128],"us":[129],"assume":[131],"if":[133],"were":[139,186,191],"forced":[140],"from":[141,193],"small":[143,198],"glass":[144,199],"circular":[147],"cross":[148,275],"section":[149],"into":[150],"same":[152,166],"contained":[154],"in":[155,203,239,280],"beaker":[157,195,205,241],"orientation":[159],"should":[163,206,225],"throughout":[167],"stream":[169,175],"all":[171],"parts":[172],"should,":[176,276],"therefore,":[177,277],"refraction.":[180],"If":[181],"reversed":[187],"sucked":[192],"radially":[208],"toward":[209,245,288],"mouth":[211,247,290],"as":[215],"center":[217],"long":[220],"directions":[231,268],"All":[234],"regions":[235,260],"which":[242,261,285],"would":[251],"expected":[253],"except":[258],"those":[259],"vibration":[267],"crossed":[271],"nicols.":[272],"A":[273],"dark":[274],"observed":[279],"tube.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
