{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2321966911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.888748","title":"Extraction of Heavy Metals from Manure and their Bioavailability to Spinach ( Spinacia Oleracea L.) after Composting","display_name":"Extraction of Heavy Metals from Manure and their Bioavailability to Spinach ( Spinacia Oleracea L.) after Composting","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2321966911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.888748","mag":"2321966911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01904167.2014.888748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.888748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.888748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53118794","display_name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition","issn_l":"0190-4167","issn":["0190-4167","1532-4087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102719838","display_name":"Muhammad Irshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2721-2858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2721-2858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Irshad","raw_affiliation_strings":[",","Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076197787","display_name":"Shazia Gul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349156","display_name":"University of Haripur","ror":"https://ror.org/05vtb1235","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349156"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shazia Gul","raw_affiliation_strings":[",","Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur City, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur City, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064457752","display_name":"Anthony Egrinya Eneji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-8373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-8373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Egrinya Eneji","raw_affiliation_strings":[",","Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112960802","display_name":"Zobia Anwar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zobia Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":[",","Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066959917","display_name":"Muhammad Awais Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-1101","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-1101"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":[",","Department of Civil Engineering, CIIT, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, CIIT, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102719838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77991911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"10","first_page":"1661","last_page":"1675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11275","display_name":"Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals","display_name":"heavy metals","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-manure","display_name":"livestock manure","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composting","display_name":"composting","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinach","display_name":"spinach","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioavailability","display_name":"bioavailability","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-metal-uptake","display_name":"plant metal uptake","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compost-amended-soil","display_name":"compost-amended soil","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"copper","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese","display_name":"manganese","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron","display_name":"iron","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium","display_name":"calcium","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium","display_name":"magnesium","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium","display_name":"sodium","score":0.9409999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780054949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421117","display_name":"Spinach","level":2,"score":0.9529732465744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148968","display_name":"Spinacia","level":4,"score":0.9368783235549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780739461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212254","display_name":"Compost","level":2,"score":0.7922327518463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38304854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185716","display_name":"Manure","level":2,"score":0.7216790318489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6863152384757996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780119549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12054746","display_name":"Chicken manure","level":3,"score":0.5471077561378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181389837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461809","display_name":"Bioavailability","level":2,"score":0.5438994765281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.518944501876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.5132756233215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4876595735549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4872981309890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4023272395133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3407917022705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07539293169975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.05882006883621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69305403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47263","display_name":"Chloroplast","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01904167.2014.888748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.888748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.888748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53118794","display_name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition","issn_l":"0190-4167","issn":["0190-4167","1532-4087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.8409000039100647,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.7811999917030334,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188726156","https://openalex.org/W246328954","https://openalex.org/W769276030","https://openalex.org/W1500477428","https://openalex.org/W1517993120","https://openalex.org/W1558788756","https://openalex.org/W1838609201","https://openalex.org/W1974853378","https://openalex.org/W1975211816","https://openalex.org/W1979312325","https://openalex.org/W1981691461","https://openalex.org/W1991186740","https://openalex.org/W1994570847","https://openalex.org/W1994776695","https://openalex.org/W1997752644","https://openalex.org/W2007785602","https://openalex.org/W2016608406","https://openalex.org/W2020453052","https://openalex.org/W2021326208","https://openalex.org/W2026294307","https://openalex.org/W2041346008","https://openalex.org/W2046267373","https://openalex.org/W2048277879","https://openalex.org/W2051954288","https://openalex.org/W2052835856","https://openalex.org/W2053441385","https://openalex.org/W2054766809","https://openalex.org/W2055878443","https://openalex.org/W2078480642","https://openalex.org/W2085383173","https://openalex.org/W2089829185","https://openalex.org/W2091533796","https://openalex.org/W2131202738","https://openalex.org/W2154271877","https://openalex.org/W2155462962","https://openalex.org/W2287596039","https://openalex.org/W2332760201","https://openalex.org/W2575025011","https://openalex.org/W2605726364","https://openalex.org/W2740814259","https://openalex.org/W4205678553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2581274246","https://openalex.org/W2298563693","https://openalex.org/W3090026518","https://openalex.org/W2340098653","https://openalex.org/W2914513563","https://openalex.org/W2053280506","https://openalex.org/W2614256155","https://openalex.org/W4251860158","https://openalex.org/W2289137075","https://openalex.org/W1993215994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"investigation":[1],"was":[2,77,131],"carried":[3],"out":[4],"on":[5],"the":[6,46,68,75,81,96,106,146,157],"extractability":[7,140],"of":[8,37,41,49,54,59,83,87,100,141,148],"heavy":[9],"metals":[10,42],"(HM)":[11],"from":[12,25,128],"livestock":[13],"manure":[14,89,136],"during":[15,35,45],"composting":[16,36,55],"and":[17,64,125],"their":[18,126],"uptake":[19],"by":[20],"spinach":[21,91,103],"(Spinacia":[22],"oleracea":[23],"L.)":[24],"compost-amended":[26],"soil.":[27],"Significant":[28],"temporal":[29],"changes":[30],"were":[31,43],"recorded":[32],"for":[33],"elements":[34],"manure.":[38,98],"Higher":[39],"concentrations":[40],"observed":[44],"early":[47],"stages":[48,53],"composting.":[50,84],"Conversely,":[51],"later":[52],"produced":[56],"higher":[57],"amounts":[58],"calcium":[60],"(Ca),":[61],"magnesium":[62],"(Mg)":[63],"sodium":[65],"(Na)":[66],"in":[67,74,102,105,135,156],"water":[69],"extract.":[70],"Total":[71],"carbon":[72],"(C)":[73],"samples":[76],"inversely":[78],"related":[79],"to":[80,95,133],"length":[82],"The":[85,138],"application":[86],"composted":[88,149],"increased":[90],"growth":[92],"as":[93],"compared":[94],"fresh":[97],"Concentrations":[99],"HM":[101,142],"varied":[104],"order":[107],"iron":[108],"(Fe)":[109],">":[110,113,116,119,122],"zinc":[111],"(Zn)":[112],"manganese":[114],"(Mn)":[115],"cadmium":[117],"(Cd)":[118],"lead":[120],"(Pb)":[121],"copper":[123],"(Cu)":[124],"release":[127],"post-harvest":[129],"soil":[130],"identical":[132],"that":[134,145],"samples.":[137],"low":[139],"may":[143],"suggest":[144],"use":[147],"manures":[150],"would":[151],"lessen":[152],"environmental":[153],"pollution":[154],"problem":[155],"fields.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}