{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2321933209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","title":"HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA; CORRELATION OF SERUM ALPHA FETOPROTEIN AND TUMOR SIZE","display_name":"HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA; CORRELATION OF SERUM ALPHA FETOPROTEIN AND TUMOR SIZE","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2321933209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","mag":"2321933209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","pdf_url":"http://theprofesional.com/index.php/tpmj/article/download/1072/825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764854030","display_name":"The Professional Medical Journal","issn_l":"1024-8919","issn":["1024-8919","2071-7733"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323288169","host_organization_name":"INDEPENDENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, FAISALABAD","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323288169"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["INDEPENDENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, FAISALABAD"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"THE PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://theprofesional.com/index.php/tpmj/article/download/1072/825","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110879783","display_name":"Khalil ur Rehman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260338","display_name":"Sahiwal Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/03kjqzb25","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260338"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Khalil ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260338"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102486981","display_name":"Muhammad Samiullah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prof. Dr. Muhammad Samiullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rai Medical College, Sargodha"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rai Medical College, Sargodha","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000305010","display_name":"Sidra Sharif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205173300","display_name":"Allama Iqbal Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04vhsg885","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205173300"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidra Sharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205173300"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053076523","display_name":"Saira Farhat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205173300","display_name":"Allama Iqbal Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04vhsg885","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205173300"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Saira Farhat","raw_affiliation_strings":["PGR, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PGR, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205173300"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02050271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"02","first_page":"209","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10340","display_name":"Hepatitis B Virus Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"hepatocellular carcinoma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-fetoprotein","display_name":"alpha-fetoprotein","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-biomarkers","display_name":"serum biomarkers","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-size","display_name":"tumor size","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-diagnosis","display_name":"early diagnosis","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-screening","display_name":"cancer screening","score":0.6930000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.933096170425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.8571094274520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780624289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306076","display_name":"Alpha-fetoprotein","level":3,"score":0.7590656280517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.6617096066474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6302896738052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993652001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular cancer","level":3,"score":0.47218194603919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991842025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Tertiary care","level":2,"score":0.4716930687427521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33525","display_name":"Carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.43670791387557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776231280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623031","display_name":"Liver cancer","level":3,"score":0.4285750687122345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3725658655166626}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","pdf_url":"http://theprofesional.com/index.php/tpmj/article/download/1072/825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764854030","display_name":"The Professional Medical Journal","issn_l":"1024-8919","issn":["1024-8919","2071-7733"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323288169","host_organization_name":"INDEPENDENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, FAISALABAD","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323288169"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["INDEPENDENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, FAISALABAD"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"THE PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/tpmj/16.3178","pdf_url":"http://theprofesional.com/index.php/tpmj/article/download/1072/825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764854030","display_name":"The Professional Medical Journal","issn_l":"1024-8919","issn":["1024-8919","2071-7733"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323288169","host_organization_name":"INDEPENDENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, FAISALABAD","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323288169"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["INDEPENDENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, FAISALABAD"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"THE PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2321933209.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2321933209.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41540660","https://openalex.org/W41633212","https://openalex.org/W65553803","https://openalex.org/W1981989535","https://openalex.org/W1997149498","https://openalex.org/W2010183203","https://openalex.org/W2019607817","https://openalex.org/W2039845199","https://openalex.org/W2058200448","https://openalex.org/W2060048971","https://openalex.org/W2067606560","https://openalex.org/W2068437703","https://openalex.org/W2117823960","https://openalex.org/W2135289598","https://openalex.org/W4236870694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240404073","https://openalex.org/W4409493308","https://openalex.org/W3155366678","https://openalex.org/W3106607294","https://openalex.org/W2120963150","https://openalex.org/W2949650839","https://openalex.org/W7169482228","https://openalex.org/W7132375289","https://openalex.org/W4313166522","https://openalex.org/W4224591779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Hepatocellular":[1],"carcinoma":[2],"(HCC)":[3],"also":[4],"known":[5],"as":[6,22,166],"malignanthepatoma,":[7],"accounts":[8],"for":[9,25],"most":[10],"of":[11,30,38,61,90,99,217,223],"the":[12,26,48,113],"liver":[13],"cancers.":[14],"Alpha":[15],"fetoprotein":[16,41],"(AFP)":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"undoubtedlywidely":[20],"used":[21,220],"a":[23,211],"marker":[24],"detection":[27],"and":[28,42,68,80,101,172,186],"monitoring":[29],"HCC.":[31],"This":[32,53,176],"study":[33,71,177],"aimed":[34],"to":[35,84,111,168],"find":[36],"thecorrelation":[37],"serum":[39,184],"alpha":[40],"tumor":[43,152,196],"size":[44,153,160,197],"in":[45,47,139,151,188,199,213,221],"HCC":[46,189],"tertiary":[49],"care":[50],"hospital.":[51],"StudyDesign:":[52],"cross":[54],"sectional":[55],"descriptive":[56],"study.":[57],"Setting:":[58],"Pathology":[59],"Department":[60],"Allama":[62],"IqbalMedical":[63],"College,":[64],"Lahore":[65],"(AIMC).":[66],"Materials":[67],"Methods:":[69],"The":[70,107],"was":[72,92],"carried":[73],"out":[74],"on":[75],"45HCC":[76],"patients":[77,100],"(13":[78],"females":[79],"32":[81],"males)":[82],"came":[83],"Jinnah":[85],"Hospital":[86],"Lahore.":[87],"Five":[88],"ml":[89],"venousblood":[91],"drawn":[93],"aseptically":[94],"from":[95,116],"anterior":[96],"cubital":[97],"vein":[98],"added":[102],"into":[103],"plain":[104],"vial":[105],"toclot.":[106],"samples":[108],"were":[109,131],"centrifuged,":[110],"get":[112],"plasma":[114],"separated":[115],"blood":[117],"cells.":[118],"Serum":[119,191],"AFPwas":[120],"measured":[121],"by":[122],"using":[123],"Enzyme":[124],"linked":[125],"Immunosorbent":[126],"Assay":[127],"technique":[128],"(ELISA).":[129],"Results:There":[130],"10":[132],"(22.2%),":[133,145],"19":[134],"(42.2%),":[135],"16":[136],"(35.6)":[137],"cases":[138,150],"AFP":[140,164,185,192,202],"group":[141,169,173],"1,2,3":[142],"respectively.":[143],"While10":[144],"13":[146],"(28.8%),":[147],"22":[148],"(48.8%)":[149],"groups":[154],"A,B,C.":[155],"Group":[156],"C":[157],"with":[158,195],"largetumor":[159],"got":[161],"48.8%":[162],"raised":[163],"levels":[165],"compared":[167],"B":[170],"(28.8%)":[171],"A":[174],"(10%).Conclusion:":[175],"shows":[178],"there":[179],"is":[180,208],"significant":[181],"correlation":[182],"between":[183],"tumorsize":[187],"(r=0.668).":[190],"progressively":[193],"increases":[194],"especially":[198],"largersize.":[200],"Although":[201],"have":[203],"suboptimal":[204],"sensitivity":[205],"but":[206],"it":[207],"still":[209],"proves":[210],"beneficial":[212],"early":[214],"diagnosisand":[215],"screening":[216],"HCC,":[218],"when":[219],"combination":[222],"USG/Imaging":[224],"technique.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
