{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2321929196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3053587","title":"Trial Courts in the United States: The Travails of Exploration","display_name":"Trial Courts in the United States: The Travails of Exploration","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2321929196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3053587","mag":"2321929196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3053587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3053587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3053587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44706263","display_name":"Law & Society Review","issn_l":"0023-9216","issn":["0023-9216","1540-5893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law & Society Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Herbert Jacob","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Herbert Jacob","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96670063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"407","last_page":"423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.7387999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.7387999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.22460000216960907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trial-courts","display_name":"trial courts","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjudication","display_name":"adjudication","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispute-resolution","display_name":"dispute resolution","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributional-analysis","display_name":"distributional analysis","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanctions","display_name":"sanctions","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-theory","display_name":"legal theory","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-design","display_name":"comparative design","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-analysis","display_name":"longitudinal analysis","score":0.9480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.657130241394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.6116876006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.33604949712753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.13877993822097778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3053587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3053587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3053587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44706263","display_name":"Law & Society Review","issn_l":"0023-9216","issn":["0023-9216","1540-5893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law & Society Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7390999794006348,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218381797","https://openalex.org/W564871603","https://openalex.org/W599208130","https://openalex.org/W609773108","https://openalex.org/W616269139","https://openalex.org/W620825944","https://openalex.org/W1485631514","https://openalex.org/W1565656077","https://openalex.org/W1582453561","https://openalex.org/W1984071686","https://openalex.org/W2032613828","https://openalex.org/W2037279877","https://openalex.org/W2039934441","https://openalex.org/W2040990929","https://openalex.org/W2041662759","https://openalex.org/W2045717494","https://openalex.org/W2057451244","https://openalex.org/W2060643175","https://openalex.org/W2065853877","https://openalex.org/W2068682271","https://openalex.org/W2069819684","https://openalex.org/W2071900321","https://openalex.org/W2077691781","https://openalex.org/W2091154958","https://openalex.org/W2104251546","https://openalex.org/W2124525903","https://openalex.org/W2141829574","https://openalex.org/W2159681086","https://openalex.org/W2313128703","https://openalex.org/W2314950260","https://openalex.org/W2316569431","https://openalex.org/W2317258591","https://openalex.org/W2319940216","https://openalex.org/W2321009435","https://openalex.org/W2321541325","https://openalex.org/W2326085668","https://openalex.org/W2327200969","https://openalex.org/W2327844361","https://openalex.org/W2331818782","https://openalex.org/W2334736828","https://openalex.org/W2335211033","https://openalex.org/W2486988142","https://openalex.org/W2736643333","https://openalex.org/W2740055580","https://openalex.org/W2796359069","https://openalex.org/W2796815993","https://openalex.org/W2802860105","https://openalex.org/W3097894819","https://openalex.org/W3148590036","https://openalex.org/W4210595672","https://openalex.org/W4239546808","https://openalex.org/W4240855012","https://openalex.org/W4299938040","https://openalex.org/W4301777250","https://openalex.org/W6701719840","https://openalex.org/W6722636399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2330168114","https://openalex.org/W26862477","https://openalex.org/W1438240876","https://openalex.org/W3124076490","https://openalex.org/W2331818782","https://openalex.org/W2072864415","https://openalex.org/W2487520174","https://openalex.org/W4251896144","https://openalex.org/W2996538019","https://openalex.org/W2008549587"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,47,52,65,84],"last":[4],"12":[5],"years":[6],"of":[7,17,32,41,49,54,86],"research":[8],"on":[9,14,80],"trial":[10],"courts.":[11],"It":[12],"focuses":[13],"three":[15],"shortcomings":[16],"that":[18],"research.":[19],"The":[20,57,74],"first":[21],"is":[22,60,76],"a":[23,61],"failure":[24,62],"to":[25,38,63,83],"examine":[26],"distributional":[27],"questions":[28],"about":[29],"what":[30],"kinds":[31],"benefits":[33],"and":[34],"sanctions":[35],"are":[36],"apportioned":[37],"which":[39,69],"members":[40],"American":[42],"society":[43],"as":[44,46],"well":[45],"place":[48],"adjudication":[50],"in":[51],"course":[53],"dispute":[55],"processing.":[56],"second":[58],"shortcoming":[59],"integrate":[64],"various":[66],"theoretical":[67],"perspectives":[68],"have":[70],"won":[71],"widespread":[72],"acceptance.":[73],"third":[75],"an":[77],"undue":[78],"concentration":[79],"comparative":[81],"designs":[82],"neglect":[85],"longitudinal":[87],"analyses":[88],"within":[89],"single":[90],"jurisdictions.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}