{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2321855106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.169","title":"Examining the Validity of The Leadership Challenge Inventory: The Case for Law Enforcement","display_name":"Examining the Validity of The Leadership Challenge Inventory: The Case for Law Enforcement","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2321855106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.169","mag":"2321855106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162188394","display_name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","issn_l":"1461-3557","issn":["1461-3557","1478-1603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Police Science &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066030802","display_name":"Gennaro F. Vito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-6173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-6173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gennaro F. Vito","raw_affiliation_strings":["(Both) Department of Justice Administration, University of Louisville, 203 Brigman Hall, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Both) Department of Justice Administration, University of Louisville, 203 Brigman Hall, Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111519977","display_name":"George E. Higgins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4227-4480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4227-4480"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George E. Higgins","raw_affiliation_strings":["(Both) Department of Justice Administration, University of Louisville, 203 Brigman Hall, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Both) Department of Justice Administration, University of Louisville, 203 Brigman Hall, Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066030802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95759563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"15a"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.40230000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.40230000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.1428000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.11649999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-practices-inventory","display_name":"Leadership Practices Inventory","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-leadership","display_name":"police leadership","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-assessment","display_name":"leadership assessment","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assessment-validity","display_name":"assessment validity","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-managers","display_name":"police managers","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer-ratings","display_name":"observer ratings","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-officers","display_name":"police officers","score":0.33399999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.6835631132125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.6578673124313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6405445337295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5649253726005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233","display_name":"Internal consistency","level":3,"score":0.4660768508911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4575785994529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.433942586183548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.406511515378952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3842483162879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.22592037916183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.20095324516296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1788080930709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13335588574409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0955859124660492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.07808861136436462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162188394","display_name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","issn_l":"1461-3557","issn":["1461-3557","1478-1603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Police Science &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1350/ijps.2010.00.0.169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.00.0.169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.00.0.169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162188394","display_name":"International Journal of Police Science & Management","issn_l":"1461-3557","issn":["1461-3557","1478-1603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Police Science &amp; Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19834994","https://openalex.org/W54840827","https://openalex.org/W1528049813","https://openalex.org/W1660498867","https://openalex.org/W2004725266","https://openalex.org/W2016251413","https://openalex.org/W2035828508","https://openalex.org/W2044279852","https://openalex.org/W2056233728","https://openalex.org/W2059819443","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2118338381","https://openalex.org/W2135627610","https://openalex.org/W2145668480","https://openalex.org/W2336684406","https://openalex.org/W2900927010","https://openalex.org/W2992361735","https://openalex.org/W3086927618","https://openalex.org/W4234431481","https://openalex.org/W4246191097","https://openalex.org/W4298091299","https://openalex.org/W6735630602","https://openalex.org/W6783933105","https://openalex.org/W7070833347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2526247018","https://openalex.org/W2072983554","https://openalex.org/W1989012659","https://openalex.org/W2916209772","https://openalex.org/W2988009192","https://openalex.org/W2158322753","https://openalex.org/W2055402295","https://openalex.org/W2551590773","https://openalex.org/W2606606387","https://openalex.org/W3169485454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,10,28,53,64,74,82,101],"this":[3,26],"study":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,42,69],"examine":[7],"the":[8,11,32,60,72,75,93,105,117],"validity":[9,33],"Leadership":[12,76,118],"Practices":[13,77],"Inventory.":[14],"Previous":[15],"research":[16],"has":[17],"used":[18],"exploratory":[19],"factor":[20,45],"analysis":[21,29,46,65],"and":[22,98,109],"internal":[23],"consistency":[24],"for":[25,34],"sort":[27],"without":[30],"specifying":[31],"a":[35],"specific":[36],"group":[37],"or":[38],"sample.":[39],"We":[40,90],"propose":[41],"use":[43],"confirmatory":[44],"\u2014":[47,52],"via":[48],"structural":[49],"equation":[50],"modelling":[51],"responses":[54],"from":[55,58],"police":[56,83,106],"officers":[57],"around":[59],"country.":[61],"This":[62],"type":[63],"will":[66],"allow":[67],"us":[68],"determine":[70],"if":[71],"factors":[73],"Inventory":[78],"provide":[79],"valid":[80,97],"measures":[81,94],"leadership":[84],"performance":[85,115],"as":[86],"an":[87],"assessment":[88],"tool.":[89],"determined":[91],"that":[92,99],"were":[95],"indeed":[96],"differences":[100],"opinion":[102],"existed":[103],"between":[104],"managers":[107],"assessed":[108],"their":[110,113],"observers":[111],"regarding":[112],"perceived":[114],"under":[116],"Challenge":[119],"Model.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
