{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2321808309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573395510666141013224016","title":"From the Old Immunitas to the Modern Immunity: Do We Need a New Name for the Immune System?","display_name":"From the Old Immunitas to the Modern Immunity: Do We Need a New Name for the Immune System?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2321808309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573395510666141013224016","mag":"2321808309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1573395510666141013224016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573395510666141013224016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573395510666141013224016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175109673","display_name":"Current Immunology Reviews","issn_l":"1573-3955","issn":["1573-3955","1875-631X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Immunology Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087553850","display_name":"Juan Manuel Igea","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Igea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinica Alergoasma, c/Pinto, 2-18, bajo, 37001 Salamanca, Spain.,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinica Alergoasma, c/Pinto, 2-18, bajo, 37001 Salamanca, Spain.,Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087553850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.085,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91574803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14134","display_name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","score":0.4745999872684479,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2702","display_name":"Anatomy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14134","display_name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","score":0.4745999872684479,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2702","display_name":"Anatomy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.14169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.061400000005960464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunitas","display_name":"immunitas","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-immunology","display_name":"history of immunology","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunity","display_name":"immunity","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variolation","display_name":"variolation","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germ-theory","display_name":"germ theory","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergy","display_name":"allergy","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine","display_name":"history of medicine","score":0.6269999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6067590117454529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.5545585751533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776002638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066011","display_name":"Cowpox","level":5,"score":0.46119260787963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.4229654371738434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.41778868436813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4019771218299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3836827874183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3306630253791809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23901844024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10359132289886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.08687669038772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781356689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1986297","display_name":"Vaccinia","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/1573395510666141013224016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573395510666141013224016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573395510666141013224016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175109673","display_name":"Current Immunology Reviews","issn_l":"1573-3955","issn":["1573-3955","1875-631X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Immunology Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2895958080","https://openalex.org/W2021080449","https://openalex.org/W4241471300","https://openalex.org/W2338705184","https://openalex.org/W2089096019","https://openalex.org/W993331106","https://openalex.org/W4413060333","https://openalex.org/W4388332263","https://openalex.org/W2057733208","https://openalex.org/W4403525863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Latin":[1],"term":[2,63,177,227],"immunitas":[3,228],"has":[4,220],"come":[5],"a":[6,36,99,188,203,214],"long":[7],"way":[8],"from":[9,39],"its":[10],"first":[11,85,128],"registered":[12],"use":[13,93],"in":[14,56,58,119],"the":[15,47,59,62,74,77,84,92,103,106,120,127,131,139,142,148,154,159,165,171,176,196,200,208,218,225,230,233,255,258,262],"context":[16],"of":[17,49,54,76,80,83,88,94,130,144,167,191,193,199,206,232,236,257,261,267],"health":[18],"and":[19,33,51,82,122,147,157],"disease":[20,81],"two":[21],"thousand":[22],"years":[23],"ago.":[24],"At":[25,181],"first,":[26],"it":[27,109,239],"was":[28,124,151],"employed":[29],"mainly":[30,185],"by":[31,42,69,126,153,158,164],"non-physicians":[32],"understood":[34,97],"as":[35,98,187],"passive":[37],"exemption":[38],"diseases":[40],"provoked":[41],"gods":[43],"or":[44],"demons.":[45],"After":[46],"introduction":[48],"variolation":[50],"Jenner\u2019s":[52],"inoculation":[53],"cowpox":[55],"Europe":[57],"eighteenth":[60],"century,":[61],"began":[64],"to":[65,170,242,250],"be":[66,240,249],"used":[67],"widely":[68],"physicians.":[70],"Soon":[71],"after":[72],"came":[73],"demonstration":[75],"germ":[78],"theory":[79],"immune":[86,172,269],"mechanisms":[87],"defense,":[89],"which":[90,174],"boosted":[91],"\u201cimmunity\u201d,":[95],"then":[96],"protective":[100],"battle":[101],"against":[102],"germs.":[104],"In":[105,137],"twentieth":[107],"century":[108],"became":[110],"clear":[111],"that":[112],"immunity":[113,145,183],"could":[114],"also":[115],"provoke":[116],"side":[117],"effects":[118],"host,":[121],"this":[123],"followed":[125],"criticisms":[129],"outdated":[132],"term,":[133],"with":[134],"little":[135],"success.":[136],"next":[138],"following":[140],"decades,":[141],"complexity":[143],"increased":[146],"military":[149],"model":[150],"substituted":[152],"self/non-self":[155],"simile":[156],"neurological":[160],"one,":[161],"both":[162],"complicated":[163],"attribution":[166],"new":[168,234],"functions":[169],"system,":[173,216,270],"made":[175],"even":[178],"more":[179],"obsolete.":[180],"present,":[182],"is":[184,211],"regarded":[186],"complex":[189],"mechanism":[190],"integration":[192],"microbes":[194],"into":[195],"cell":[197],"community":[198],"host.":[201],"From":[202],"conceptual":[204],"point":[205],"view,":[207],"\u201cimmune\u201d":[209],"system":[210],"now":[212],"considered":[213],"\u201ccommune\u201d":[215],"but":[217],"terminology":[219],"not":[221],"been":[222],"challenged:":[223],"does":[224],"old":[226],"hamper":[229],"understanding":[231],"idea":[235],"immunity?":[237],"Would":[238],"appropriate":[241],"update":[243],"it?":[244],"Our":[245],"main":[246],"objective":[247],"will":[248],"answer":[251],"these":[252],"questions":[253],"on":[254],"basis":[256],"historical":[259],"evolution":[260],"term.":[263],"Keywords:":[264],"Allergy,":[265],"history":[266],"medicine,":[268],"immunity,":[271],"immunological":[272],"terminology.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}