{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2321382277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41168(399)42","title":"Structural Fire Engineering for Modern Building Design-Case Study","display_name":"Structural Fire Engineering for Modern Building Design-Case Study","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2321382277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41168(399)42","mag":"2321382277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/41168(399)42","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41168(399)42","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41168(399)42","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AEI 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054545985","display_name":"Darlene Rini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142262","display_name":"Arup Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03awtex73","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262","https://openalex.org/I4210148542"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darlene Rini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","No affiliation information available","Senior Fire Engineer, I Arup, 560 Mission Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105.E-mail:","Structural Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","Senior Fire Engineer, I Arup, 560 Mission Street, 7 Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105.E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"No affiliation information available","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Fire Engineer, I Arup, 560 Mission Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Structural Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Fire Engineer, I Arup, 560 Mission Street, 7 Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061150066","display_name":"Robert Gerard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142262","display_name":"Arup Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03awtex73","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262","https://openalex.org/I4210148542"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Gerard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","No affiliation information available","Senior Fire Engineer, I Arup, 560 Mission Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105.E-mail:","Structural Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"No affiliation information available","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Fire Engineer, I Arup, 560 Mission Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Structural Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034367620","display_name":"Ibrahim Almufti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142262","display_name":"Arup Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03awtex73","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262","https://openalex.org/I4210148542"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Almufti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","No affiliation information available","Senior Fire Engineer, I Arup, 560 Mission Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105.E-mail:","Structural Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"No affiliation information available","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Fire Engineer, I Arup, 560 Mission Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Structural Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gregory Nielson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142262","display_name":"Arup Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03awtex73","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262","https://openalex.org/I4210148542"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Nielson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","No affiliation information available","Senior Fire Engineer, I Arup, 560 Mission Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105.E-mail:","Structural Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"No affiliation information available","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Fire Engineer, I Arup, 560 Mission Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105.E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Structural Engineer, Arup, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142262"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36658276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"351","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12102","display_name":"Fire effects on concrete materials","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12102","display_name":"Fire effects on concrete materials","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10160","display_name":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-fire-engineering","display_name":"structural fire engineering","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-based-design","display_name":"performance-based design","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-resistance","display_name":"fire resistance","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fireproofing","display_name":"fireproofing","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-detailing","display_name":"structural detailing","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescriptive-design","display_name":"prescriptive design","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-buildings","display_name":"commercial buildings","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effective-design","display_name":"cost-effective design","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-elements","display_name":"architectural elements","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145725615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567716","display_name":"Fire protection engineering","level":2,"score":0.8347048759460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989191132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997557","display_name":"Fire safety","level":2,"score":0.5471982359886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987912017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27787358","display_name":"Fire resistance","level":2,"score":0.5393943190574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5179520845413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48491865396499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88282795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448108","display_name":"Structural system","level":2,"score":0.4654451310634613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.456886351108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4317900836467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107053488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674423","display_name":"Construction engineering","level":1,"score":0.4317021071910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.42199233174324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122156500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41399","display_name":"Fire protection","level":2,"score":0.41749387979507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4162617325782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.39841514825820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.31338775157928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1548675298690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/41168(399)42","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41168(399)42","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/41168(399)42","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AEI 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528387358","https://openalex.org/W2318907524","https://openalex.org/W3016459624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2313119105","https://openalex.org/W2376171683","https://openalex.org/W6902054163","https://openalex.org/W2361764959","https://openalex.org/W2209636185","https://openalex.org/W1173098852","https://openalex.org/W3089747599","https://openalex.org/W2023560772","https://openalex.org/W3133660768","https://openalex.org/W2943808091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Structural":[0],"fire":[1,16,22,44,59,85,108,119],"engineering":[2,60,109],"(SFE)":[3],"is":[4,53,61,69],"a":[5,97,133,181],"growing":[6],"field":[7],"of":[8,15,21,38,82,127],"performance-based":[9],"design":[10,68,134],"where":[11,103],"the":[12,36,39,50,80,90,101,137,153,158,163],"required":[13],"level":[14],"resistance,":[17],"amount":[18],"and":[19,27,73,76],"location":[20],"protection":[23],"material":[24],"(\"fire":[25],"proofing\")":[26],"structural":[28,58,107,118],"detailing":[29],"can":[30,129],"be":[31,150,168],"specifically":[32],"tailored":[33],"based":[34,106],"on":[35],"response":[37,81],"actual":[40],"structure":[41],"under":[42],"realistic":[43],"scenarios.":[45],"While":[46],"current":[47],"practice":[48],"in":[49,56,84,100,132,152,180],"United":[51],"States":[52],"primarily":[54],"prescriptive":[55,183],"nature,":[57],"finding":[62],"increased":[63,87],"application":[64],"as":[65],"modern":[66],"building":[67],"becoming":[70],"more":[71,146],"complex":[72],"our":[74],"understanding":[75],"ability":[77],"to":[78,149,167],"assess":[79],"structures":[83],"has":[86],"significantly":[88],"over":[89],"past":[91],"20":[92],"years.":[93],"This":[94],"paper":[95],"presents":[96],"case":[98,114],"study":[99,115],"U.S.":[102],"several":[104],"performance":[105],"analyses":[110,139],"were":[111],"conducted.":[112],"The":[113,170],"demonstrates":[116],"how":[117],"engineering,":[120],"using":[121],"either":[122],"simple":[123],"or":[124,178],"advanced":[125],"forms":[126],"analysis,":[128],"bring":[130],"value":[131],"framework.":[135],"Specifically,":[136],"SFE":[138],"allowed":[140,161],"for":[141,162],"cost":[142],"effective":[143],"yet":[144],"intrinsically":[145],"robust":[147],"designs":[148],"achieved":[151],"commercial":[154],"domain":[155],"while,":[156],"at":[157],"same":[159],"time,":[160],"unique":[164],"architectural":[165],"features":[166],"realized.":[169],"added":[171],"values":[172],"may":[173],"not":[174],"have":[175],"been":[176],"identified":[177],"possible":[179],"traditional,":[182],"approach.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}