{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2321032651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715014554320","title":"Virtually anonymous: Does the absence of social cues alter perceptions of emergent leader behaviors?","display_name":"Virtually anonymous: Does the absence of social cues alter perceptions of emergent leader behaviors?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2321032651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715014554320","mag":"2321032651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1742715014554320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715014554320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715014554320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95314075","display_name":"Leadership","issn_l":"1742-7150","issn":["1742-7150","1742-7169"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Leadership","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035918046","display_name":"S. Lynn Shollen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177308816","display_name":"Christopher Newport University","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4rwq02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177308816"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S Lynn Shollen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christopher Newport University, Newport News, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christopher Newport University, Newport News, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177308816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110321069","display_name":"C. Cryss Brunner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Cryss Brunner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota \u2013 Twin Cities, Minneapolis, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota \u2013 Twin Cities, Minneapolis, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035918046"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177308816"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4761,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78491421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"198","last_page":"229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13395","display_name":"Education, Leadership, and Health Research","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-emergence","display_name":"leadership emergence","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-behavior","display_name":"leadership behavior","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cues","display_name":"social cues","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"anonymity","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-teams","display_name":"virtual teams","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-influence","display_name":"leadership influence","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interaction-styles","display_name":"interaction styles","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-preparation","display_name":"leadership preparation","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7623811960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6757919788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6267756223678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10090317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551030","display_name":"Social cue","level":2,"score":0.6218903660774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.6130786538124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.5865644812583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98447023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540351","display_name":"Social identity theory","level":3,"score":0.5805652141571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5801130533218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5345574617385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.44947168231010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180872759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874405","display_name":"Social group","level":2,"score":0.21498340368270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1742715014554320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715014554320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715014554320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95314075","display_name":"Leadership","issn_l":"1742-7150","issn":["1742-7150","1742-7169"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Leadership","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93919657","https://openalex.org/W101423259","https://openalex.org/W117395651","https://openalex.org/W152729388","https://openalex.org/W173202342","https://openalex.org/W375088301","https://openalex.org/W400615761","https://openalex.org/W608831873","https://openalex.org/W619984332","https://openalex.org/W631322458","https://openalex.org/W1252318716","https://openalex.org/W1488740686","https://openalex.org/W1515587369","https://openalex.org/W1527074389","https://openalex.org/W1527311855","https://openalex.org/W1531527886","https://openalex.org/W1538265394","https://openalex.org/W1590154464","https://openalex.org/W1964166581","https://openalex.org/W1966033686","https://openalex.org/W1966820540","https://openalex.org/W1968751892","https://openalex.org/W1973853776","https://openalex.org/W1976630965","https://openalex.org/W1979034475","https://openalex.org/W1983300875","https://openalex.org/W1983478891","https://openalex.org/W1998757724","https://openalex.org/W2008597916","https://openalex.org/W2010900569","https://openalex.org/W2014705694","https://openalex.org/W2015720654","https://openalex.org/W2015754058","https://openalex.org/W2018786763","https://openalex.org/W2024775583","https://openalex.org/W2030117770","https://openalex.org/W2030498115","https://openalex.org/W2034328075","https://openalex.org/W2040489103","https://openalex.org/W2041834973","https://openalex.org/W2046766764","https://openalex.org/W2047125906","https://openalex.org/W2052709674","https://openalex.org/W2056244227","https://openalex.org/W2056252061","https://openalex.org/W2058226122","https://openalex.org/W2059308148","https://openalex.org/W2062210345","https://openalex.org/W2062625129","https://openalex.org/W2063351904","https://openalex.org/W2070597457","https://openalex.org/W2071062807","https://openalex.org/W2078874139","https://openalex.org/W2083595270","https://openalex.org/W2084711481","https://openalex.org/W2086124588","https://openalex.org/W2091868106","https://openalex.org/W2095212047","https://openalex.org/W2100205581","https://openalex.org/W2101646211","https://openalex.org/W2104655994","https://openalex.org/W2107926868","https://openalex.org/W2112914719","https://openalex.org/W2114647197","https://openalex.org/W2115283497","https://openalex.org/W2120102192","https://openalex.org/W2124879232","https://openalex.org/W2127546713","https://openalex.org/W2129395421","https://openalex.org/W2132561658","https://openalex.org/W2133766618","https://openalex.org/W2136576330","https://openalex.org/W2140739239","https://openalex.org/W2140905845","https://openalex.org/W2141894647","https://openalex.org/W2146725536","https://openalex.org/W2150211194","https://openalex.org/W2155126226","https://openalex.org/W2158405809","https://openalex.org/W2162125558","https://openalex.org/W2163363646","https://openalex.org/W2164297833","https://openalex.org/W2170521779","https://openalex.org/W2246797302","https://openalex.org/W2329223578","https://openalex.org/W2486983857","https://openalex.org/W2513983685","https://openalex.org/W2580389126","https://openalex.org/W2978909187","https://openalex.org/W3001252611","https://openalex.org/W3022729030","https://openalex.org/W4210382753","https://openalex.org/W4229835443","https://openalex.org/W4239408520","https://openalex.org/W4253881711","https://openalex.org/W4254994113","https://openalex.org/W4298286273","https://openalex.org/W4300074953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966494590","https://openalex.org/W1593132758","https://openalex.org/W2117874351","https://openalex.org/W4206398305","https://openalex.org/W3023934611","https://openalex.org/W2157186778","https://openalex.org/W2982648111","https://openalex.org/W2799357875","https://openalex.org/W2494890564","https://openalex.org/W2941858010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"qualitative":[1],"study":[2],"examined":[3],"the":[4,7],"impact":[5],"of":[6,9,14,44,107,134,138,147],"absence":[8],"social":[10,88,123,139],"cues":[11,89,140],"on":[12],"perceptions":[13,144],"emergent":[15,72,148],"leader":[16,108,116,149],"behaviors":[17,40,76],"in":[18,29,77,92],"a":[19,30,103],"highly":[20,97],"anonymous":[21,98],"virtual":[22],"context.":[23],"Participants":[24],"were":[25,66,90],"149":[26],"students":[27],"engaged":[28],"distinct":[31],"leadership-preparation":[32],"process":[33],"with":[34],"identity":[35],"fully":[36],"hidden.":[37],"Positively":[38],"influential":[39],"included":[41],"specific":[42],"types":[43],"contributions,":[45],"task-focused":[46],"behaviors,":[47],"positive":[48],"interaction":[49,64],"style,":[50],"and":[51,62,85,125,136,145],"at":[52],"times":[53],"high":[54],"participation":[55],"rate.":[56],"Excessive":[57],"or":[58],"minimal":[59],"task":[60],"focus":[61],"negative":[63,69],"style":[65],"perceived":[67],"as":[68,132],"influence.":[70,81],"Further,":[71],"leaders":[73],"often":[74],"enacted":[75],"combination":[78],"to":[79,87],"achieve":[80],"Explicit":[82],"assumptions":[83],"about":[84],"references":[86],"absent":[91],"responses,":[93],"suggesting":[94],"that":[95,113,128],"under":[96],"conditions,":[99],"we":[100],"can":[101],"get":[102],"less":[104],"contaminated":[105],"view":[106],"behaviors.":[109,150],"The":[110],"findings":[111],"indicate":[112],"some":[114],"existing":[115],"behavior":[117],"theories":[118],"may":[119],"be":[120],"unbiased":[121],"by":[122],"status,":[124],"also":[126],"suggest":[127],"contextual":[129],"nuances":[130],"such":[131],"degrees":[133],"anonymity":[135],"availability":[137],"are":[141],"relevant":[142],"for":[143],"practice":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}