{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2320829937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","title":"Beyond the EPR effect: targeting of nanoparticles to pediatric brain tumors","display_name":"Beyond the EPR effect: targeting of nanoparticles to pediatric brain tumors","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2320829937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","mag":"2320829937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595131146","display_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","issn_l":"2296-4185","issn":["2296-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091220555","display_name":"Elizabeth Doolittle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doolittle Elizabeth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020140159","display_name":"Bielecki Peter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bielecki Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018680619","display_name":"Goldberg Amy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goldberg Amy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015095804","display_name":"Efstathios Karathanasis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7552"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karathanasis Efstathios","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.1176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4218675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.7314000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.7314000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.1868000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-targeting","display_name":"nanoparticle targeting","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-brain-tumors","display_name":"pediatric brain tumors","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-permeability-and-retention-effect","display_name":"enhanced permeability and retention effect","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-drug-delivery","display_name":"anticancer drug delivery","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-biodistribution","display_name":"nanoparticle biodistribution","score":0.4830000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778227246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365309","display_name":"Glioma","level":2,"score":0.6534588932991028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779130545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233309","display_name":"Brain tumor","level":2,"score":0.55540931224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5345385074615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.5187811851501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4824119806289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.421941876411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.42046549916267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.24587193131446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.1967179775238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.16488251090049744}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595131146","display_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","issn_l":"2296-4185","issn":["2296-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fbioe.2016.01.00545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595131146","display_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","issn_l":"2296-4185","issn":["2296-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3208285510","https://openalex.org/W2066618636","https://openalex.org/W2488683587","https://openalex.org/W4206856743","https://openalex.org/W2138063382","https://openalex.org/W2911471908","https://openalex.org/W2087959569","https://openalex.org/W2077660349","https://openalex.org/W2089213357","https://openalex.org/W2331328856"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Event":[0,4],"Abstract":[1,721,723,771],"Back":[2,773],"to":[3,12,67,71,121,381,396,430,568,593,618,707,774,788],"Beyond":[5,561],"the":[6,72,85,91,97,275,364,372,404,415,437,444,470,477,492,562,611,626,632,648,672,678,791],"EPR":[7,141,563],"effect:":[8,564],"targeting":[9,118,192,316,323,330,337,357,389,457,526,565],"of":[10,87,93,124,152,257,311,363,366,371,390,414,417,454,566,634,650,674],"nanoparticles":[11,63,119,148,200,373,379,455,567],"pediatric":[13,155,185,569],"brain":[14,94,186,276,570],"tumors":[15],"Elizabeth":[16,728,737,747,756],"Doolittle1,":[17],"2,":[18,22,29],"3,":[19,23],"Peter":[20,730,739,749,758],"Bielecki1,":[21],"Amy":[24,732,741,751,760],"Goldberg1":[25],"and":[26,75,154,164,167,181,215,234,248,260,285,374,449,456,476,487,557,600,621,663,670,680,687,712],"Efstathios":[27,734,743,753,762],"Karathanasis1,":[28],"3":[30,48],"1":[31,410],"Case":[32,41,49,53],"Western":[33,42,50],"Reserve":[34,43,51],"University,":[35,44,52],"Biomedical":[36,495],"Engineering,":[37],"United":[38,46,57],"States":[39,47,58],"2":[40],"Radiology,":[45],"Comprehensive":[54],"Cancer":[55,472,483],"Center,":[56],"Introduction:":[59],"In":[60,341,384],"cancer":[61],"applications,":[62],"should":[64],"selectively":[65],"deposit":[66],"tumor":[68,112,126,137,187,196,241,367,433,446],"areas":[69],"due":[70],"enhanced":[73],"permeability":[74],"retention":[76],"(EPR)":[77],"effect.":[78],"However,":[79],"recent":[80,386],"reports":[81],"generated":[82],"controversy":[83],"over":[84],"benefits":[86],"EPR.":[88,340],"Further,":[89,369],"in":[90,110,139,149,331,351,353,400,436,461,523,547,586,625,726,766,782,786],"case":[92],"tumors,":[95],"while":[96,347],"blood-brain":[98],"barrier":[99],"is":[100,143,411,629,777],"compromised,":[101],"tumor-associated":[102],"blood":[103],"vessels":[104],"are":[105,601,607,652,682],"not":[106,590,602],"as":[107,109,615,645,647],"leaky":[108],"other":[111],"types.":[113],"We":[114],"previously":[115],"showed":[116,309,345],"vascular":[117,278,356,382,388,418],"lead":[120],"successful":[122],"imaging":[123,163,216],"breast":[125],"micrometastatic":[127],"sites":[128],"(Figure":[129],"1)":[130],"[1],[2]":[131],"suggesting":[132],"an":[133,176,412],"approach":[134],"appropriate":[135],"for":[136,158,162,191,218],"types":[138],"which":[140],"alone":[142],"ineffective.":[144],"Here,":[145],"we":[146],"investigated":[147],"murine":[150,174,178],"models":[151],"adult":[153],"glioblastoma":[156],"multiforme":[157],"targeted":[159,445],"particle":[160,219,288],"delivery":[161,527,549],"therapy.":[165],"Materials":[166],"Methods:":[168],"Experiments":[169],"used":[170,190],"invasive":[171],"glioma":[172,179],"orthotopic":[173],"models:":[175],"established":[177],"(CNS-1)":[180],"a":[182,385,391,616,655],"patient":[183],"derived":[184],"(SJ-GBM2).":[188],"Biomarkers":[189],"were":[193,209,222,231,236,244,264,301,489],"validated":[194,254],"using":[195,246],"section":[197],"immunohistochemistry.":[198],"Various":[199],"(liposomes,":[201],"gold":[202,392],"or":[203,227,598,637,717],"iron":[204],"oxide)":[205],"with":[206,211,224,710],"surface":[207,295],"PEG-amines":[208],"conjugated":[210],"selected":[212],"biomarker":[213],"ligands":[214,263,291,298],"probes":[217],"detection.":[220],"Brains":[221],"inoculated":[223],"GFP-positive":[225],"CNS-1":[226],"SJ-GBM2":[228],"cells.":[229],"Particles":[230],"intravenously":[232],"injected":[233],"animals":[235],"sacrificed":[237],"8-14":[238],"days":[239],"after":[240],"inoculation.":[242],"Organs":[243],"analyzed":[245],"2D":[247],"3D":[249],"fluorescence":[250],"imaging.":[251],"Histological":[252],"analyses":[253,344],"intratumoral":[255],"deposition":[256,313,349,399],"particles.":[258],"Results":[259],"Discussion:":[261],"Targeting":[262],"based":[265],"on":[266,315,793],"high":[267],"affinity":[268],"peptides":[269],"against":[270],"known":[271],"receptors":[272],"overexpressed":[273],"by":[274,303,467,491,604,631],"tumor\u2019s":[277],"bed":[279],"(integrins,":[280],"VEGFR2).":[281],"Dynamic":[282],"light":[283],"scattering":[284],"TEM":[286],"characterized":[287],"size.":[289],"Surface":[290],"added":[292],"at":[293],"varying":[294],"densities":[296],"(1000-2500":[297],"per":[299],"particle)":[300],"confirmed":[302],"direct":[304],"protein":[305],"assay.":[306],"Animal":[307],"studies":[308],"patterns":[310],"nanoparticle":[312,393,427],"dependent":[314],"strategy":[317,458],"(vascular":[318],"vs":[319],"deep":[320,328,335],"tissue).":[321],"Vascular":[322],"was":[324,465],"more":[325,360],"effective":[326],"than":[327,403],"tissue":[329,336],"most":[332],"occasions,":[333],"since":[334],"requires":[338,705],"prerequisite":[339],"particular,":[342],"histological":[343],"that":[346],"EPR-driven":[348],"resulted":[350],"accumulation":[352,428],"cancerous":[354],"sites,":[355],"yielded":[358],"higher,":[359],"consistent":[361],"capture":[362],"majority":[365],"sites.":[368],"size":[370],"resulting":[375],"multivalent":[376],"avidity":[377],"makes":[378],"ideal":[380],"targeting.":[383,419],"study,":[387],"radiotracer":[394],"led":[395],"5.2-fold":[397],"higher":[398],"lung":[401],"metastases":[402],"equivalent":[405],"small":[406],"molecule":[407],"analogue.":[408],"Figure":[409],"example":[413],"result":[416,460],"The":[420,584,623,724],"left":[421],"image":[422],"gamma":[423],"scintigraphy":[424],"shows":[425],"radiolabeled":[426],"corresponding":[429],"GFP":[431],"positive":[432],"cells":[434],"shown":[435],"right":[438],"image[1].":[439],"Conclusion:":[440],"When":[441],"one":[442],"considers":[443],"microenvironment\u2019s":[447],"biophysical":[448],"biochemical":[450],"uniqueness,":[451],"rationale":[452],"design":[453],"can":[459],"enhancements.":[462],"This":[463,703],"work":[464],"supported":[466,490],"grants":[468],"from":[469,479],"National":[471],"Institute":[473],"(U01CA198892,":[474],"R01CA177716)":[475],"Prayers":[478],"Maria":[480],"Children's":[481],"Glioma":[482],"Foundation":[484],"(E.K.).;":[485],"E.D.":[486],"P.B":[488],"NIH":[493],"Interdisciplinary":[494],"Imaging":[496],"Training":[497],"Program":[498],"(5T32EB007509).References:[1]":[499],"Doolittle,":[500],"E.":[501],"et":[502,512],"al.":[503,513],"ACS":[504],"Nano":[505],"9,":[506],"8012":[507],"(2015).[2]":[508],"Peiris,":[509],"P.":[510],"M.":[511],"J":[514],"Pharm":[515],"Sci":[516],"104,":[517],"2600":[518],"(2015).":[519],"Keywords:":[520],"Molecular":[521],"Imaging,":[522],"vivo,":[524],"nanoparticle,":[525],"Conference:":[528],"10th":[529,577],"World":[530,578],"Biomaterials":[531,579],"Congress,":[532],"Montr\u00e9al,":[533],"Canada,":[534],"17":[535],"May":[536],"-":[537],"22":[538],"May,":[539],"2016.":[540,700],"Presentation":[541],"Type:":[542],"Poster":[543],"Topic:":[544],"Cell-targeting":[545],"biomaterials":[546],"theranostic":[548],"Citation:":[550],"Doolittle":[551,729,738,748,757],"E,":[552],"Bielecki":[553,731,740,750,759],"P,":[554],"Goldberg":[555,733,742,752,761],"A":[556],"Karathanasis":[558,735,744,754,763],"E":[559],"(2016).":[560],"tumors.":[571],"Front.":[572],"Bioeng.":[573],"Biotechnol.":[574],"Conference":[575],"Abstract:":[576],"Congress.":[580],"doi:":[581],"10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.00545":[582],"Copyright:":[583],"abstracts":[585,628],"this":[587,794],"collection":[588,649],"have":[589],"been":[591],"subject":[592,673],"any":[594],"Frontiers":[595,612,681,711,727,767],"peer":[596],"review":[597],"checks,":[599],"endorsed":[603],"Frontiers.":[605],"They":[606],"made":[608],"available":[609],"through":[610],"publishing":[613],"platform":[614],"service":[617],"conference":[619],"organizers":[620],"presenters.":[622],"copyright":[624],"individual":[627],"owned":[630],"author":[633],"each":[635],"abstract":[636],"his/her":[638],"employer":[639],"unless":[640],"otherwise":[641],"stated.":[642],"Each":[643],"abstract,":[644],"well":[646],"abstracts,":[651],"published":[653],"under":[654],"Creative":[656],"Commons":[657],"CC-BY":[658],"4.0":[659],"(attribution)":[660],"licence":[661],"(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)":[662],"may":[664],"thus":[665],"be":[666,671,708],"reproduced,":[667],"translated,":[668],"adapted":[669],"derivative":[675],"works":[676],"provided":[677],"authors":[679],"attributed.":[683],"For":[684],"Frontiers\u2019":[685],"terms":[686],"conditions":[688],"please":[689],"see":[690,789],"https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions.":[691],"Received:":[692],"27":[693],"Mar":[694,699],"2016;":[695],"Published":[696],"Online:":[697],"30":[698],"Login":[701],"Required":[702],"action":[704],"you":[706],"registered":[709],"logged":[713],"in.":[714],"To":[715],"register":[716],"login":[718],"click":[719],"here.":[720],"Info":[722],"Authors":[725],"Google":[736,745,768],"Scholar":[746,769],"PubMed":[755,770],"Related":[764],"Article":[765],"Close":[772],"top":[775],"Javascript":[776,781],"disabled.":[778],"Please":[779],"enable":[780],"your":[783],"browser":[784],"settings":[785],"order":[787],"all":[790],"content":[792],"page.":[795]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
