{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2320775992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","title":"Allergen immunotherapy (desensitisation) for allergic diseases","display_name":"Allergen immunotherapy (desensitisation) for allergic diseases","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2320775992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","mag":"2320775992","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16956138","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4953513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","pdf_url":"https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/6/4/348.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186589310","display_name":"Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"1470-2118","issn":["1470-2118","1473-4893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311682","host_organization_name":"Royal College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/6/4/348.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043192106","display_name":"Stephen R. Durham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-6207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-6207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096640","display_name":"Royal Brompton Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv4n034","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800036501","https://openalex.org/I4210096640"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen R Durham","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London. s.durham@imperial.ac.uk","Allergy Clinic, Royal Brompton Hospital, London","Head, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London. s.durham@imperial.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allergy Clinic, Royal Brompton Hospital, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096640"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043192106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096640","https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"fwci":1.4778,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80851489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"348","last_page":"351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10877","display_name":"Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2723","display_name":"Immunology and Allergy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10877","display_name":"Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2723","display_name":"Immunology and Allergy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10634","display_name":"Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2723","display_name":"Immunology and Allergy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergen-immunotherapy","display_name":"allergen immunotherapy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desensitization","display_name":"desensitization","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergic-rhinitis","display_name":"allergic rhinitis","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grass-pollen-allergy","display_name":"grass pollen allergy","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sublingual-immunotherapy","display_name":"sublingual immunotherapy","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcutaneous-immunotherapy","display_name":"subcutaneous immunotherapy","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ige-dependent-allergy","display_name":"IgE-dependent allergy","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-tolerance","display_name":"immune tolerance","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-side-effects","display_name":"systemic side effects","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy","display_name":"treatment efficacy","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9567798972129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779787640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641412","display_name":"Allergen immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.7370420694351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186752","display_name":"Allergen","level":3,"score":0.6166788339614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779779143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493547","display_name":"Desensitization (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.5527351498603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5389993190765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.5186792612075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207480886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42982","display_name":"Allergy","level":2,"score":0.4933728277683258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.37102869153022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11036941409111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.06664407253265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000485","descriptor_name":"Allergens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000485","descriptor_name":"Allergens","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001180","descriptor_name":"Arthropod Venoms","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001180","descriptor_name":"Arthropod Venoms","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003888","descriptor_name":"Desensitization, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006967","descriptor_name":"Hypersensitivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","pdf_url":"https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/6/4/348.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186589310","display_name":"Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"1470-2118","issn":["1470-2118","1473-4893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311682","host_organization_name":"Royal College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5319582","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC4953513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4953513","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4953513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Med (Lond)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:16956138","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16956138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical medicine (London, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.6-4-348","pdf_url":"https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/6/4/348.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186589310","display_name":"Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"1470-2118","issn":["1470-2118","1473-4893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311682","host_organization_name":"Royal College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2320775992.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2320775992.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1942126698","https://openalex.org/W1965870504","https://openalex.org/W1968116586","https://openalex.org/W1984973837","https://openalex.org/W2026657673","https://openalex.org/W2031202979","https://openalex.org/W2033232206","https://openalex.org/W2035319060","https://openalex.org/W2037476918","https://openalex.org/W2073342172","https://openalex.org/W2098913651","https://openalex.org/W2112571043","https://openalex.org/W2132441138","https://openalex.org/W2142388937","https://openalex.org/W2156787187","https://openalex.org/W2158341249","https://openalex.org/W2158642518","https://openalex.org/W2166685437","https://openalex.org/W2312829609","https://openalex.org/W2341810285","https://openalex.org/W4252295499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2936510925","https://openalex.org/W1974574903","https://openalex.org/W2093740248","https://openalex.org/W4244664071","https://openalex.org/W4399656436","https://openalex.org/W1974680610","https://openalex.org/W4393346437","https://openalex.org/W2040155190","https://openalex.org/W2319066544","https://openalex.org/W10658642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Allergen":[0],"immunotherapy":[1,115,195],"(desensitisation)":[2],"involves":[3],"the":[4,62,108,223,244],"repeated":[5,26],"administration":[6],"of":[7,17,29,32,37,59,107,111,172,182,194,232,249,260],"allergen":[8,33],"extracts":[9],"to":[10,13,94,129,142,152,206],"allergic":[11,91,139],"individuals":[12,126],"induce":[14],"a":[15,35,162,180,189,211,227],"state":[16],"clinical":[18],"and":[19,53,56,75,85,119,124,145,203,216,226,266],"immunological":[20],"tolerance.":[21],"Traditionally,":[22],"this":[23],"has":[24],"involved":[25],"subcutaneous":[27],"injections":[28,44],"incremental":[30],"doses":[31],"over":[34,252],"period":[36],"8\u201016":[38],"weeks":[39],"followed":[40],"by":[41,122],"monthly":[42],"\u2018maintenance\u2019":[43],"for":[45],"3\u20105":[46],"years.":[47],"Modified":[48],"approaches":[49],"have":[50],"included":[51],"shorter":[52],"preseasonal":[54],"regimens":[55],"alternative":[57],"routes":[58],"administration,":[60],"particularly":[61,77],"sublingual":[63],"route.":[64],"Immunotherapy":[65,134],"is":[66,76,135],"indicated":[67],"in":[68,79,86,102,137,166,196,214,230,247],"patients":[69,80],"with":[70,81,88,127,154,199,220,239,256,271],"immunoglobulin":[71],"(Ig)":[72],"E-dependent":[73],"disease":[74],"effective":[78,136],"insect":[82],"venom":[83],"anaphylaxis":[84],"those":[87],"severe":[89],"seasonal":[90,138],"rhinitis":[92,140],"unresponsive":[93],"anti-allergic":[95],"drugs.":[96],"The":[97],"risk/benefit":[98],"should":[99,116],"be":[100,117],"assessed":[101],"every":[103],"case.":[104],"In":[105,188],"view":[106],"remote":[109],"risk":[110],"systemic":[112],"side":[113],"effects,":[114],"prescribed":[118],"given":[120],"only":[121],"trained":[123],"experienced":[125],"access":[128],"resuscitative":[130],"measures.":[131],"1":[132],"Efficacy":[133],"due":[141],"grass,":[143],"tree":[144],"weed":[146],"pollens.":[147],"Most":[148],"hayfever":[149,174,202],"sufferers":[150,175],"respond":[151],"treatment":[153],"intranasal":[155],"steroids":[156],"and/or":[157],"antihistamines":[158,264],"(Fig":[159],"1).":[160],"However,":[161],"primary":[163],"care-based":[164],"study":[165],"Southern":[167],"England":[168],"found":[169],"that":[170],"40%":[171],"treated":[173],"remain":[176],"inadequately":[177],"controlled,":[178],"2":[179],"proportion":[181],"whom":[183],"would":[184],"benefit":[185],"from":[186],"immunotherapy.":[187],"recent":[190],"UK":[191],"multicentre":[192],"trial":[193],"410":[197],"participants":[198],"documented":[200,257],"uncontrolled":[201],"IgE":[204],"sensitivity":[205],"grass":[207],"pollen":[208,224],"there":[209],"was":[210],"dose-dependent":[212],"reduction":[213,246],"symptoms":[215,248],"rescue":[217],"medication":[218],"compared":[219,270],"placebo":[221,253],"during":[222],"season":[225],"sustained":[228],"improvement":[229],"quality":[231],"life.":[233],"3":[234],"Although":[235],"direct":[236],"comparative":[237],"studies":[238],"pharmacological":[240],"treatments":[241],"are":[242],"needed,":[243],"mean":[245],"about":[250],"30%":[251],"compares":[254],"favourably":[255],"effect":[258],"sizes":[259],"nasal":[261],"corticosteroids":[262],"(18%),":[263],"(7%)":[265],"leukotriene":[267],"modifiers":[268],"(5%)":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}