{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2320076866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001433-200104000-00008","title":"Basic science of the foot and ankle","display_name":"Basic science of the foot and ankle","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2320076866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001433-200104000-00008","mag":"2320076866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00001433-200104000-00008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001433-200104000-00008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001433-200104000-00008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36461803","display_name":"Current Opinion in Orthopedics","issn_l":"1041-9918","issn":["1041-9918","1080-8124","1531-7005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Orthopedics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043154934","display_name":"Neil A. Sharkey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7831-6863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7831-6863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neil A. Sharkey","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Center for Locomotion Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","\u00a7Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA","\u00b6Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","\u2020Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","\u2021Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Center for Locomotion Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065232848","display_name":"James D. Michelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6997-2666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6997-2666"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James D. Michelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Center for Locomotion Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","\u00a7Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA","\u00b6Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","\u2020Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","\u2021Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Center for Locomotion Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055632756","display_name":"Stephen J. Piazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-7569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-7569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Piazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Center for Locomotion Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","\u00a7Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA","\u00b6Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","\u2020Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","\u2021Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Center for Locomotion Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043154934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770","https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3192779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"125","last_page":"130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11068","display_name":"Tendon Structure and Treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-biomechanics","display_name":"foot biomechanics","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle-biomechanics","display_name":"ankle biomechanics","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtalar-joint","display_name":"subtalar joint","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle-kinematics","display_name":"ankle kinematics","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-tibial-tendon-insufficiency","display_name":"posterior tibial tendon insufficiency","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flatfoot","display_name":"pes planus","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"computational model","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plantar-pressure","display_name":"plantar pressure","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropathic-foot","display_name":"neuropathic foot","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-and-ankle-imaging","display_name":"foot and ankle imaging","score":0.5249999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.8679004907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7709895968437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175696284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986524","display_name":"Cadaveric spasm","level":2,"score":0.6643921136856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5510339736938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.5249476432800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.4741753339767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96526673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4867047","display_name":"Basic science","level":2,"score":0.4539792239665985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778867527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632190","display_name":"Subtalar joint","level":3,"score":0.43339312076568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.22807037830352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1777491271495819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00001433-200104000-00008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001433-200104000-00008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001433-200104000-00008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36461803","display_name":"Current Opinion in Orthopedics","issn_l":"1041-9918","issn":["1041-9918","1080-8124","1531-7005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Orthopedics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916088249","https://openalex.org/W1918122037","https://openalex.org/W1967702623","https://openalex.org/W1969887711","https://openalex.org/W1985581594","https://openalex.org/W2031316751","https://openalex.org/W2047092096","https://openalex.org/W2073100153","https://openalex.org/W2085424909","https://openalex.org/W2086889810","https://openalex.org/W2091452918","https://openalex.org/W2108238000","https://openalex.org/W2124692880","https://openalex.org/W2132518890","https://openalex.org/W2313959642","https://openalex.org/W2330348677","https://openalex.org/W2341759656","https://openalex.org/W2405352156","https://openalex.org/W2410061159","https://openalex.org/W2410204054","https://openalex.org/W4245717664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166990657","https://openalex.org/W2115659262","https://openalex.org/W2595421532","https://openalex.org/W4319995756","https://openalex.org/W1965647714","https://openalex.org/W2085791139","https://openalex.org/W2346611042","https://openalex.org/W2742183655","https://openalex.org/W2132404920","https://openalex.org/W6991690176"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62],"current":[1,83,133],"literature":[2,134],"includes":[3],"several":[4,126],"in":[5,19,87,88,131,140],"vitro":[6,44],"cadaveric":[7],"and":[8,30,56,59,69,101,103,125],"computational":[9],"models,":[10],"as":[11,13,143],"well":[12],"image-based":[14],"biomechanical":[15],"analyses":[16],"of":[17,27,38,52,64,82,108,112,118],"normal":[18],"vivo":[20,89],"function,":[21],"that":[22],"contribute":[23,135],"to":[24,47,73,98,136],"our":[25,106,137],"understanding":[26],"the":[28,35,49,53,70,75,99,132],"foot":[29,100],"ankle.":[31],"This":[32],"review":[33],"discusses":[34],"most":[36],"important":[37],"these":[39],"basic":[40,127],"science":[41,128],"investigations.":[42],"In":[43],"models":[45],"continue":[46],"elucidate":[48],"kinematic":[50],"behavior":[51],"normal,":[54],"injured,":[55],"repaired":[57],"ankle":[58,102],"subtalar":[60],"joints.":[61],"effects":[63],"posterior":[65],"tibial":[66],"tendon":[67],"insufficiency":[68],"procedures":[71],"used":[72],"address":[74],"resultant":[76],"pes":[77],"planus":[78],"are":[79,92,104],"also":[80],"areas":[81],"focus.":[84],"Recent":[85],"advances":[86],"imaging":[90],"techniques":[91],"being":[93],"applied":[94],"with":[95],"increasing":[96],"frequency":[97],"expanding":[105],"knowledge":[107,138],"internal":[109],"function.":[110],"Measurement":[111],"plantar":[113],"pressure":[114],"for":[115],"objective":[116],"assessment":[117],"neuropathic":[119],"feet":[120],"is":[121],"gaining":[122],"widespread":[123],"use":[124],"studies":[129],"available":[130],"base":[139],"this":[141],"area":[142],"well.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}