{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2318976352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3717514","title":"The Caroline Audience","display_name":"The Caroline Audience","publication_year":1941,"publication_date":"1941-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2318976352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3717514","mag":"2318976352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3717514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3717514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3717514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93676754","display_name":"The Modern Language Review","issn_l":"0026-7937","issn":["0026-7937","2222-4319"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321404","host_organization_name":"Modern Humanities Research Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321404"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Modern Humanities Research Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Modern Language Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047169366","display_name":"Clifford Leech","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Clifford Leech","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047169366"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26915323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":"304","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14469","display_name":"Renaissance Literature and Culture","score":0.6753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14469","display_name":"Renaissance Literature and Culture","score":0.6753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11391","display_name":"Theatre and Performance Studies","score":0.1395999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12912","display_name":"Shakespeare, Adaptation, and Literary Criticism","score":0.07739999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elizabethan-theatre","display_name":"Elizabethan theatre","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/author-reader-relationship","display_name":"author-reader relationship","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elizabethan-drama","display_name":"Elizabethan drama","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/i-a-richards","display_name":"I. A. Richards","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practical-criticism","display_name":"practical criticism","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.4115533232688904}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3717514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3717514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3717514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93676754","display_name":"The Modern Language Review","issn_l":"0026-7937","issn":["0026-7937","2222-4319"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321404","host_organization_name":"Modern Humanities Research Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321404"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Modern Humanities Research Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Modern Language Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003793128","https://openalex.org/W4253547170","https://openalex.org/W2005920324","https://openalex.org/W1565162339","https://openalex.org/W4241461039","https://openalex.org/W2747712669","https://openalex.org/W2611503353","https://openalex.org/W2053582202","https://openalex.org/W4237796297","https://openalex.org/W2802046824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DR":[0],"I.":[1],"A.":[2],"RICHARDS,":[3],"examining":[4],"the":[5,13,18,28,36,57,74,77,100,148,156,164,188,244,277,284,302,305,343,354,376,405,418,426,434],"nature":[6],"of":[7,15,31,35,76,84,99,103,140,158,214,232,271,279,286,304,320,342,345,356,382,394,397,404,410,428],"'meaning',":[8],"has":[9,59,91],"drawn":[10],"attention":[11],"to":[12,40,70,93,127,146,174,228,266,273,331,336,352,374],"importance":[14],"'tone',":[16],"i.e.":[17],"relationship":[19],"between":[20],"writer":[21,58,98,429],"and":[22,124,170,241,253,281,301,323,421,430],"reader":[23],"which":[24,235,291],"is":[25,42,69,109,116,126,162,208],"suggested":[26],"through":[27],"writer's":[29],"manner":[30],"utterance.1":[32],"Certainly":[33],"one":[34,165,264,269],"most":[37,167],"difficult":[38],"barriers":[39],"negotiate":[41],"that":[43,129,176,362,365],"set":[44],"up":[45],"by":[46,360,380,425],"a":[47,82,97,159,225,233,338,400],"wrong":[48],"tone":[49,131,157,178,215],"in":[50,61,119,137,181,219,255,276,283,387,399],"something":[51,92],"we":[52,143,151,166,196,348,366,371,390],"hear":[53],"or":[54,102],"read.":[55],"When":[56],"us":[60,86],"view":[62],"as":[63,294,297,415,417],"among":[64],"his":[65,114,130,321,324,329,411],"potential":[66],"audience,":[67,322],"he":[68,79,88,90],"be":[71,134,172,198,372],"blamed":[72],"for":[73,190],"erection":[75],"barrier:":[78],"should":[80],"find":[81],"way":[83],"reaching":[85],"if":[87,318],"knows":[89],"tell":[94],"us.":[95],"But":[96,258],"past":[101,141],"another":[104,191],"nation":[105],"than":[106,248],"our":[107,138,210,238,250],"own":[108],"not":[110,163,209,393],"usually":[111],"addressing":[112],"us:":[113],"public":[115,149],"very":[117],"different":[118],"its":[120,182,206,357],"attitudes,":[121],"conventions,":[122],"acceptances,":[123],"it":[125,369],"them":[128],"must":[132,349,391],"primarily":[133],"adapted.":[135],"Consequently,":[136],"judgment":[139],"literature,":[142],"have":[144],"always":[145],"consider":[147],"addressed:":[150],"may":[152,171,185],"then":[153],"see":[154],"why":[155],"literary":[160],"work":[161,189,313],"delight":[168],"in,":[169],"prepared":[173],"recognize":[175],"this":[177,388],"was":[179],"apt":[180],"context.":[183],"(We":[184],"still":[186],"reject":[187],"reason,":[192],"but":[193,403],"at":[194],"least":[195],"shall":[197,370],"saved":[199],"from":[200,263,268,328],"condemning":[201],"an":[202],"eavesdropped":[203],"conversation":[204],"because":[205],"language":[207],"own.)":[211],"This":[212],"matter":[213],"becomes":[216],"particularly":[217],"important":[218],"dramatic":[220],"studies.":[221],"We":[222],"cannot":[223,312],"enter":[224],"theatre":[226,272],"without":[227,314],"some":[229,315],"extent,":[230],"partaking":[231],"group-consciousness,":[234],"will":[236,326],"make":[237],"demands":[239,252],"on,":[240],"expectations":[242,254,260,303],"from,":[243],"dramatist":[245,311],"more":[246],"rigid":[247],"are":[249,423],"isolated":[251],"private":[256],"reading.":[257],"theatrical":[259],"vary":[261],"greatly":[262],"age":[265,278],"another,":[267],"kind":[270],"another.":[274],"Athens":[275],"Pericles":[280],"London":[282],"reign":[285],"Charles":[287],"II":[288],"produced":[289],"theatres":[290,298],"were":[292],"about":[293],"far":[295],"apart":[296],"can":[299,367],"be,":[300],"two":[306],"audiences":[307],"consequently":[308],"differed.":[309],"A":[310],"consideration,":[316],"even":[317],"scornful,":[319],"'tone'":[325,386],"arise":[327],"attitude":[330],"their":[332],"expectations.":[333],"In":[334,384],"trying":[335],"reach":[337],"correct":[339],"understanding,":[340],"therefore,":[341],"drama":[344],"any":[346],"period,":[347],"try":[350],"first":[351],"appreciate":[353],"character":[355],"audience:":[358],"only":[359],"knowing":[361],"so":[363],"well":[364],"discount":[368],"able":[373],"follow":[375],"playwright's":[377],"meaning":[378],"unchecked":[379],"oddity":[381],"tone.":[383],"using":[385],"way,":[389],"think":[392],"mere":[395],"turns":[396],"phrase":[398],"dramatist's":[401],"speech,":[402],"whole":[406],"design,":[407],"temper,":[408],"embellishments":[409],"work.":[412],"These,":[413],"quite":[414],"much":[416],"individual":[419],"words":[420],"sentences,":[422],"affected":[424],"relations":[427],"audience.":[431],"The":[432],"chorus,":[433],"1":[435],"Practical":[436],"Criticism,":[437],"2nd":[438],"ed.,":[439],"1930,":[440],"pp.":[441],"182,":[442],"206-9.":[443]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}