{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2317475593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/64.3.620","title":"Legitimation, Endorsement, and Stability","display_name":"Legitimation, Endorsement, and Stability","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2317475593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/64.3.620","mag":"2317475593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/sf/64.3.620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/64.3.620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/64.3.620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130611943","display_name":"Social Forces","issn_l":"0037-7732","issn":["0037-7732","1534-7605"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Forces","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112311142","display_name":"Henry A. Walker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. A. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University ()"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University ()","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021688142","display_name":"GEORGE M. THOMAS","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-3439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-3439","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2648-1458"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. M. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University**"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University**","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025246680","display_name":"Morris Zelditch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Zelditch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University ()"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University ()","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4152,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4152},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6639,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94787495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"3","first_page":"620","last_page":"620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12892","display_name":"Social Power and Status Dynamics","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12892","display_name":"Social Power and Status Dynamics","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11239","display_name":"Social Capital and Networks","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legitimation","display_name":"legitimation","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-order","display_name":"social order","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compliance","display_name":"compliance","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-stability","display_name":"social stability","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endorsement","display_name":"endorsement","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propriety","display_name":"decorum","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authorization","display_name":"authorization","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sources-of-legitimacy","display_name":"sources of legitimacy","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-structure","display_name":"task structure","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-change","display_name":"social change","score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legitimacy-theory","display_name":"legitimacy theory","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776845398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366139","display_name":"Legitimation","level":3,"score":0.98248291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.8978461027145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6195553541183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.5778331756591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5570641756057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.468334436416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4594181180000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.45236629247665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776289891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931511","display_name":"Neglect","level":2,"score":0.44072359800338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.4314473271369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.42524459958076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.4189896285533905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.39625319838523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35307610034942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33248481154441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.30648815631866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16967898607254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11735287308692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10339793562889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10143634676933289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/sf/64.3.620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/64.3.620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/64.3.620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130611943","display_name":"Social Forces","issn_l":"0037-7732","issn":["0037-7732","1534-7605"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Forces","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/2578816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2578816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2578816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130611943","display_name":"Social Forces","issn_l":"0037-7732","issn":["0037-7732","1534-7605"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Forces","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W563984574","https://openalex.org/W1652257166","https://openalex.org/W1654874180","https://openalex.org/W1976025742","https://openalex.org/W1986750463","https://openalex.org/W1995412582","https://openalex.org/W1999686839","https://openalex.org/W2006440257","https://openalex.org/W2015044610","https://openalex.org/W2019317192","https://openalex.org/W2023116690","https://openalex.org/W2023396619","https://openalex.org/W2025844353","https://openalex.org/W2025971689","https://openalex.org/W2026468437","https://openalex.org/W2037710531","https://openalex.org/W2038252730","https://openalex.org/W2047098067","https://openalex.org/W2055437009","https://openalex.org/W2059423264","https://openalex.org/W2064235116","https://openalex.org/W2064637083","https://openalex.org/W2073017882","https://openalex.org/W2082321608","https://openalex.org/W2090212098","https://openalex.org/W2108543545","https://openalex.org/W2108644943","https://openalex.org/W2129420037","https://openalex.org/W2135491774","https://openalex.org/W2151621121","https://openalex.org/W2153656501","https://openalex.org/W2154700690","https://openalex.org/W2156370167","https://openalex.org/W2163539920","https://openalex.org/W2187668060","https://openalex.org/W2297429187","https://openalex.org/W2319178948","https://openalex.org/W2328212927","https://openalex.org/W2795574399","https://openalex.org/W2796185337","https://openalex.org/W2796988726","https://openalex.org/W2797478974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2245146925","https://openalex.org/W2488430707","https://openalex.org/W2908239260","https://openalex.org/W6887744684","https://openalex.org/W2026160209","https://openalex.org/W2008975364","https://openalex.org/W7154620295","https://openalex.org/W7099555849","https://openalex.org/W2476636796","https://openalex.org/W4282923941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intuition":[0],"and":[1,20,29,55,75,99,101,107,135],"formal":[2],"theories":[3],"of":[4,9,23,53,62,68,78,86,90,96,104,118,140,151],"legitimacy":[5],"suggest":[6],"that":[7,24,38,43,110,138],"endorsement":[8,79,139],"a":[10,65,115],"social":[11],"order":[12],"should":[13],"have":[14,45],"important":[15,113],"effects":[16,77,85],"on":[17],"compliance":[18],"to":[19,33,48,114],"the":[21,60,76,84],"stability":[22],"order.":[25],"Evidence":[26],"from":[27,130],"experimental":[28,142],"nonexperimental":[30],"research":[31],"fails":[32],"offer":[34],"consistent":[35],"support":[36],"for":[37],"argument.":[39],"This":[40],"article":[41],"contends":[42],"investigators":[44],"generally":[46,81],"failed":[47],"recognize":[49],"acts":[50],"as":[51],"objects":[52,95],"legitimation":[54,69,119],"entirely":[56],"neglect":[57],"variation":[58,129],"in":[59,155],"sources":[61,89,103],"legitimacy.":[63],"As":[64],"result,":[66],"models":[67],"processes":[70],"are":[71,80,159],"not":[72,160],"properly":[73],"specified":[74],"confounded":[82],"with":[83],"other":[87],"uncontrolled":[88,128],"variation.":[91],"We":[92],"identify":[93],"three":[94,102],"legitimation\u2014persons,":[97],"positions,":[98],"acts\u2014":[100],"legitimacy\u2014propriety,":[105],"endorsement,":[106],"authorization\u2014and":[108],"argue":[109],"each":[111],"is":[112],"proper":[116],"analysis":[117],"processes.":[120],"The":[121],"laboratory":[122],"investigation":[123],"which":[124,153,158],"we":[125,136],"report":[126],"minimizes":[127],"those":[131],"additional":[132],"independent":[133],"variables":[134],"demonstrate":[137],"an":[141],"task":[143,156],"structure":[144],"delays":[145],"or":[146],"prevents":[147],"approximately":[148],"38":[149],"percent":[150],"change":[152],"occurs":[154],"structures":[157],"endorsed.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}