{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2315123778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318212b940","title":"Estimating the Effect of a Predictor Measured by Two Informants on a Continuous Outcome","display_name":"Estimating the Effect of a Predictor Measured by Two Informants on a Continuous Outcome","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2315123778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318212b940","mag":"2315123778","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21403520","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3073873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e318212b940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318212b940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318212b940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15470582","display_name":"Epidemiology","issn_l":"1044-3983","issn":["1044-3983","1531-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3073873","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034561165","display_name":"Kristin N. Javaras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-2331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-2331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristin N. Javaras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA. javaras@wisc.edu","Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA. javaras@wisc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038627685","display_name":"H. Hill Goldsmith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-4699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-4699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Hill Goldsmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; and","Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107379548","display_name":"Nan M. Laird","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2066-3234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2066-3234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan M. Laird","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034561165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74396236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"390","last_page":"399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.5181000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.5181000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.25369998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.10980000346899033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-informants","display_name":"multiple informants","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-error","display_name":"measurement error","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-parameter-estimation","display_name":"regression coefficient estimation","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient-estimation","display_name":"correlation coefficient estimation","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-outcomes","display_name":"continuous outcomes","score":0.5730000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7125920653343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.7047877311706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.6815475225448608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.567900538444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.534368097782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.5226759314537048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5214604735374451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.5159081220626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.4734577536582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.47065749764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55078378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136628","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.4698328673839569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149769383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520804","display_name":"Simple linear regression","level":3,"score":0.4490925073623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019187137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186290","display_name":"Simple correlation","level":3,"score":0.430793821811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009043","descriptor_name":"Motor Activity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e318212b940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318212b940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318212b940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15470582","display_name":"Epidemiology","issn_l":"1044-3983","issn":["1044-3983","1531-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21403520","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21403520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2343954","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3073873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3073873","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3073873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2343954","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3073873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3447640139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P50-MH069315-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5282000392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 MH59785","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5833005578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P50-MH069315-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G614503254","display_name":"Affective Style: Neural and Behavioral Substrates","funder_award_id":"P50MH069315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6342310892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P50-MH084051-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6622198684","display_name":"Waisman Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center","funder_award_id":"P30HD003352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6889573736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01MH43454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7574138676","display_name":"Analysis of Multiple Informant Data in Psychiatry","funder_award_id":"R01MH054693","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8263561230","display_name":"Neurobehavioral Bases of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation in Adolescence","funder_award_id":"P50MH084051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8731665507","display_name":"Risk for Child Psychopathology: A Twin-Study Perspective","funder_award_id":"R01MH059785","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8784924532","display_name":"Neural Substrates of Affective Style and Emotion Regulation","funder_award_id":"R01MH043454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164272491","https://openalex.org/W1968391727","https://openalex.org/W1969570897","https://openalex.org/W1969679056","https://openalex.org/W1976123198","https://openalex.org/W1979830180","https://openalex.org/W1983215008","https://openalex.org/W2025749786","https://openalex.org/W2038510569","https://openalex.org/W2044512285","https://openalex.org/W2059334100","https://openalex.org/W2068142058","https://openalex.org/W2075832904","https://openalex.org/W2098261869","https://openalex.org/W2101935909","https://openalex.org/W2146433537","https://openalex.org/W2163403362","https://openalex.org/W2167688578","https://openalex.org/W2260343598","https://openalex.org/W2312288734","https://openalex.org/W2323550395","https://openalex.org/W2328167866","https://openalex.org/W2797508167","https://openalex.org/W3122067556","https://openalex.org/W4247425252","https://openalex.org/W4298091299","https://openalex.org/W6659841567","https://openalex.org/W7062111158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068319287","https://openalex.org/W4381058190","https://openalex.org/W1520616522","https://openalex.org/W76797648","https://openalex.org/W2477456100","https://openalex.org/W4362554361","https://openalex.org/W2059432260","https://openalex.org/W2132662368","https://openalex.org/W2025581597","https://openalex.org/W2185591910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Investigators":[0],"sometimes":[1],"use":[2],"information":[3,45],"obtained":[4],"from":[5,46],"multiple":[6],"informants":[7,48],"about":[8],"a":[9,19,22,51,95,103,128,141,146,162,194],"given":[10],"variable.":[11],"We":[12,39,116,155],"focus":[13],"on":[14,21,63],"estimating":[15],"the":[16,57,60,64,99,106,111,118,134,137,158,183,186,190],"effect":[17,58],"of":[18,59,89,98,120,148,182],"predictor":[20,28,62,108,143],"continuous":[23,153,178],"outcome,":[24],"when":[25,197],"that":[26,126,144,189],"(true)":[27,61],"cannot":[29],"be":[30],"observed":[31],"directly":[32],"but":[33],"is":[34,145,193],"measured":[35],"by":[36],"2":[37,47,201],"informants.":[38,202],"describe":[40],"various":[41],"approaches":[42,67],"to":[43,49,72],"using":[44],"estimate":[50],"regression":[52,114],"or":[53,113],"correlation":[54,112],"coefficient":[55],"for":[56,105,133],"outcome.":[65],"These":[66],"include":[68],"methods":[69,92,122],"we":[70],"refer":[71],"as":[73,102],"single":[74],"informant,":[75],"simple":[76,191],"average,":[77,80],"optimal":[78],"weighted":[79,96],"principal":[81],"components":[82],"analysis,":[83],"and":[84,140,150,173,185],"classical":[85],"measurement":[86,131],"error.":[87],"Each":[88],"these":[90,121],"5":[91],"effectively":[93],"uses":[94],"average":[97,192],"informants'":[100,138],"reports":[101,139],"proxy":[104],"true":[107,142],"in":[109,123,161],"calculating":[110],"coefficient.":[115],"compare":[117,157],"performance":[119,160],"simulation":[124],"experiments":[125],"assume":[127],"rounded":[129],"congeneric":[130],"model":[132],"relationship":[135,166],"between":[136,167],"mixture":[147],"zeros":[149],"positively":[151],"distributed":[152],"values.":[154],"also":[156],"methods'":[159],"real":[163],"data":[164],"example-the":[165],"vigorous":[168],"physical":[169],"activity":[170],"(the":[171,177],"predictor)":[172],"body":[174],"mass":[175],"index":[176],"outcome).":[179],"The":[180],"results":[181],"simulations":[184],"example":[187],"suggest":[188],"reasonable":[195],"choice":[196],"there":[198],"are":[199],"only":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}